Christian Worldview - 1594 Words

Critical Thinking Let us ponder about how other religions worldviews relate to the Biblical worldview. There are three main areas or types of worldviews, Pantheists (Hinduism, Buddhism), Secularism (naturalism), and Theism (Christianity, Islam, Judaism). I will answer 5 basic questions on just one of the non-Christian worldviews and then compare it to the Biblical worldview. Part one will be about Buddhism and part two will compare Buddhism and the Biblical worldview. The questions to be answered are: 1. The Question of Origin. 2. The Question of Identity. 3. The Question of Meaning/Purpose. 4. The Question of Destiny. Part One The Buddhist people are a peaceful people with a simple worldview, but it is quite†¦show more content†¦[xi] Next we need to know, what is our meaning in life? Jesus in John 17:3 states our meaning is â€Å"that they may know You, the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom You have sent.† [xii] Our purpose is to know God. We should seek Him by reading His word and have a close personal relationship with Him. Buddhism does not have a personal god. They feel we need to treat every living thing the same way to reach Nirvana. Now let’s answer the question of morality. We get our morality from God. God is the standard by which this is based. God is the ultimate good and there is no other place that we should seek to justify our actions. Jesus gave us the greatest commandments as stated in Matt. 22:37-38 â€Å"You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all you mind.† And it continues, â€Å"You shall love your neighbor a s yourself.† If we follow these commandments, we will have no problem distinguishing between right and wrong. The Buddhists follow the Eight Paths, which is very close to â€Å"love you neighbor as yourself† (Matt. 22:38), but they look internally to the god within them for guidance. [xiii] Finally, how does the Biblical worldview discuss destiny? This is simple, if we accept Jesus into our hearts and follow HisShow MoreRelatedChristian Worldview Essay Paper1121 Words   |  5 PagesChristian Worldview Paper – Second Draft Christine Reiter CWV 101 – Christian World View 11/25/2012 Dr. Jim Uhley My Worldview My worldview is formed by my relationships, challenges and choices I have made, environmental surroundings and my family influence, all which have impressed on me my views of the world. According to Merriam-Webster’s Learners Dictionary, the definition of â€Å"Worldview† is â€Å"The way someone thinks about the world†. Although this simple phrase seems to the point, itRead MoreChristian Worldview : A Worldview864 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"What is a worldview? A worldview comprises one s collection of presuppositions, convictions and values from which a person tries to understand and make sense out of the world and life. A worldview is a conceptual scheme by which we consciously or unconsciously place or fit everything we believe and by which we interpret and judge reality. A worldview is, first of all, an explanation and interpretation of the world and second, an application of this view to life.† (Dr. John MacArthur, May 2006)Read MoreBiblical Worldview And The Christian Worldview1295 Words   |  6 PagesBiblical Worldview in Romans It is an important factor in a Christian’s life to have a biblical worldview that coincides with God’s beliefs. A Christian cannot grow in their relationship with God with just their own understanding and knowledge. They must surround their framework of beliefs and ideas on God’s word and what he calls his children to live their life accordingly. That is why Paul’s letter to the Roman church is such as significant demonstration of the Gospel and the Christian Worldview andRead MoreChristian Worldview As A Student1448 Words   |  6 PagesThe Christian Worldview as a Student Christian worldview opens the doors to the mind of students and cultures from all around the world. In this course, topics from who is God or what is the reality of human nature is gone through. Giving the student the ability to weigh his or her personal views against the Christian worldview presented, not persuade or to change their views but to give a chance to develop their individual views while searching for the reasons for their worldview. From the individualRead MoreChristian Perspective : Christian Worldview And Maturity1273 Words   |  6 Pages Christian World View The thought of Christian world view probably never came across our minds prior to salvation. But it happens to be reflect everything we say or do whether we know it or not. Humanity beliefs about God history and ultimately helps shapes how we live. We all remember the moment when accepted Christ as our Savior, we are born again spiritually into God s kingdom . But just as a newborn baby needs milk for growth and maturity, we as a baby Christian needs spiritualRead MoreRomans and the Christian Worldview Essay753 Words   |  4 PagesBarbara Underwood Bible 425 November 5, 2012 ROMANS AND THE CHRISTIAN WORLDVIEW ESSAY Paul’s argument in Romans is foundational to the Biblical/Christian Worldview. Paul brings to realization of what God is revealing to the Christian World. Most Christians do not understand the consequences of not obeying the moral laws and its values. Christians are influenced by other religions because of the lack of understanding the expectations and the fact of being accountable for theirRead MoreEssential Elements Of The Christian Worldview Are Faith,1589 Words   |  7 PagesEssential elements of the Christian worldview are Faith, Love, Forgiveness and Living in Christ. These key elements are fundamental to Christ’s teachings and also reflect my own worldview. These four elements are an integral part of a Christian believer’s life and defines our relationship with God. The fourth element, Living in Christ, is comprised of many sub-elements like praise, prayer, and bearing witness. These sub-elements could be described as fruits of a Christianâ€⠄¢s believer’s daily lifeRead MoreWorldview : A Christian Worldview1578 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscussed the different worldviews that an individual may have. This class has taught me that a worldview is how an individual understands the world and their place in it. â€Å"A worldview consist of what a person believes to be real and true, what a person values, how a person makes decisions, and what forms a person’s desires, longings, and goals† (Fuller, Lecture One). An individual’s worldview is the motivating force behind their every emotion, decision, and action. A worldview is what helps an individualRead MoreThe Worldview Of The Christian Worldview955 Words   |  4 Pagesword worldview means how an individual view the world around them. A worldview is a complete system of how we perceive the world and process it. According to Waddell (2014), â€Å"a worldview is a foundational set of assumptions to which one commits that serves as a framework for un derstanding and interpreting reality and deeply shapes one’s behavior.† The worldview of an individual is usually influenced by the person’s cultural background, life experiences, and upbringing. The Christian worldview is underRead MoreA Christian Worldview On The World Through The Lens Of The Bible Essay2524 Words   |  11 PagesA Christian worldview would encompass the framework that we must view the world through the lens of the Bible. Human Nature: I have not given much thought as to identifying my Christian worldview on paper, and rarely have I given it much thought. To be a born again is to believe the Gospel of Jesus Christ one must take a stand for the fundamental principles of the Gospel. Those principles include belief in God as the creator of the universe and all that are on the earth and Jesus Christ as the Son

Candide by François-Marie Arouet - 979 Words

An enlightenment philosopher Franà §ois-Marie Arouet, commonly known as Voltaire, wrote Candide. Voltaire â€Å"was a French Enlightenment writer, historian and philosopher famous for his wit, his attacks on the established Catholic Church, and his advocacy of freedom of religion, freedom of expression, and separation of church and state (Wikipedia).† He was born November 21st 1694 into an upper-middle class family. Voltaire started showing an interest in writing at a young age. Candide was published in 1579. It was a French Satire. A satire is â€Å"the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people’s stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues (Oxford†¦show more content†¦When they arrive in Constantinople, they see Cunà ©gonde, who is now ugly, and the old woman. Yet again, Candide frees them using his money. When Candide lays eyes on the now ugly Cunà ©gonde, he at first does not want to go ahead with marrying her. He then realizes that it is not about what she looks like. It was his true unconditional love that got him to find her. He puts her ugliness aside, and proceeds with marrying her. They all make there way to a farm and decide that it would be best to stay there. There time at the farm is not how they would have wanted things to be. They philosophize a great deal, and are very inactive. Candide says, â€Å"We must cultivate our own garden (Voltaire, p. 88).† They decide to tend their own garden. Each and every one of them exercised their own talents in the garden and together they change from philosophizing to activity, which gives them some relief and happiness. Pangloss points out that this garden is like the Garden of Eden. He says, â€Å"For when man was placed in the Garden of Eden, he was placed there ut operaretur eum – that he might work – which proves that man was not born to rest (Voltaire, p. 88).† This garden is an important symbol in the book. Not only does it provide them with relaxation and takes their mind off things, but it also â€Å"reflects a change of character and a new start for Candid (Shmoop).† This garden reflects the thought that happiness cannot be found inShow MoreRelatedThe Candide By Francois Marie Arouet970 Words   |  4 PagesCaleb Hart-Ruderman Ogunkoya World History-H/P8 January 7th 2015 Candide Candide was written by Franà §ois-Marie Arouet or as he is most well known by his pen name, Voltaire. Candide was published by Sirà ¨ne in January 1759. This book was chosen because it is relevant to the Enlightenment through the stories of Candide. mentions many key points that period. One reason why this book is very controversial and important is because the enlightenment believed in the Leibnizian philosophy of blind optimismRead MoreImpact Of Enlightenment Ideas On The French Revolution844 Words   |  4 Pagespromoted reason and human freedom over tradition and religion. France had one of the bloodiest Enlightenment periods in history because they used the ideas of John Lockes Natural Rights, Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s Social Contract, and Voltaire (Franà §ois-Marie Arouet) teaching of Freedom of Speech and morphed it into the French Revolution. In 1762, a Francophone Genevan philosopher and writer, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, wrote a book called, â€Å"Social Contract†. In his book, he wrote about an official agreementRead MoreVoltaires Candide Essay1500 Words   |  6 PagesCandide On November 21, 1694, Francois-Marie Arouet, otherwise known as Voltaire, was born in Paris. The youngest of five, son to Francois and Marie Arouet, Voltaire grew up in a household that had come to know the pleasantries of upper class french society. Marie, his mother, had gained the family access to Louis XIV court through her realtives. Because of Voltaire’s priviledged lineage he was able to study under the Abbe de Chateaneuf, at the Louis-le-Grand Jesuit College in Paris. VoltaireRead MoreA Summary On Voltaire s Candide 1496 Words   |  6 PagesJason Ross 2/15/16 David Morroe History 185 C02195103 Pre-draft Candide Voltaire known as French Enlightenmen, author, historian and a theorist. Franà §ois-Marie Arouet was born on November 21, 1694. He was so weak when being born and not expected to live Marguerite Daumard and Francois Arouet were his parents. As a student, he was an inspiration young man. He was close with his mother, and sister. Voltaire had an uneasy relationship with his father, who depressed his literature desire and triedRead MoreThe Influences of Candide’s Development Essay example1007 Words   |  5 PagesThe Influences of Candide’s Development The story Candide or Optimism, written in 1759 by Francois Marie Arouet De Voltaire, is about a young man who experiences many misfortunes and who is exceptionally naà ¯ve. His development throughout his journey in life is contributed and influenced by the people he comes in contact with. In the story, Candide has the opportunity to experience many different views on philosophical optimism by meeting different people who have all suffered from different experiencesRead MoreSynopsis Of Voltaire s Candide 1011 Words   |  5 PagesAP English: Major Works Data Sheet Title: Candide Author: Voltaire (Francois-Marie Arouet) Date of Publication: 1959 Genre: Satire Biographical information about the author Francois-Marie Arouet, Voltaire, was born in 1604 in Paris, France. He was passionate about writing. As a result, Voltaire defies his father’s desire for him to become an attorney. Voltaire composed various types of text like essays and historical surveys as he was acknowledged as a writer from the publication of Oedipus. AfterRead MoreCandide Paper1355 Words   |  6 PagesCandide is a fictional satire of the optimism many philosophers had for life in general during the mid 1700’s written in response to Alexander Pope’s An Essay on Man. Written by Voltaire, the literary alias of Francois-Marie Arouet, the satire covers religion, the wealthy, love, why people thought natural disasters occurred and especially, philosophy. The novel even goes on to make fun of the art of literature by giving ridiculous chapter headings. Just about everything Voltaire put into CandideRead MoreThe Enlightenment: An Incredible Change1163 Words   |  5 Pagessuch as they went from r ural to urban, agriculture to commerce, believe to reason, religion to science, and so on. During the Neo-Classical era, many world famous writers such as Jean-Baptiste Poquelin known by Moliere, Jonathan Swift, and Francois-Marie Arouet know by Voltaire wrote some incredible stories, poems, plays and articles about the age of reason. In literature, all of them are well known by the tactics and methods they used in their styles of writing in order to persuade or inform theRead MoreThe American And French Revolutions Essay1930 Words   |  8 PagesVoltaire was born on 21 November 1694 in Paris, France, the most youthful of five youngsters in a working class family. His dad was Franà §ois Arouet, a legal official and minor treasury official; his mom was Marie Marguerite d Aumart, from an honorable group of Poitou territory. Voltaire (real name Franà §ois-Marie Arouet) (1694 - 1778) was a French rationalist and essayist of the Time of Edification. His knowledge, mind, and style made him one of France s most noteworthy authors and savants, regardlessRead MoreSatire in Candide by Voltaire Essay example1474 Words   |  6 PagesSatire in Candide by Voltaire Voltaire who was a French writer, philosopher and one of the leaders of the Enlightenment is known as one of the greatest satirist ever. Voltaire wrote about important genres: tragedy, history, philosophy and fiction just as his English contemporary Samuel Johnson. American heritage dictionary defines satire as, An artistic work in which human vice or folly is attacked through irony, derision, or wit. Irony or caustic wit used to expose or attack human folly

Official-Guide-To-Statement-of-Purpose free essay sample

The statement should be narrowly focused on convincing the intended reader ? i. E. , a professor at JESSIE who teaches in the program to which you are applying that you have a serious and well- considered purpose in applying to that program. A compelling statement will convince the reader that you are the kind of student likely to thrive in the program to which you are admitted and who would contribute to (and not merely benefit from) our academic community. Too often, statements of purpose are poorly focused, vaguely autobiographical essays, in which case hey become inadvertent disclosures of purposelessness.A statement of purpose is not a narrative of your accomplishments. The reader of your file will make a judgment about whether you merit admission on the basis of many considerations, and your file will include much material including your transcripts, what your referees say about you, etc. , that reveal your academic and other accomplishments. There is no harm in mentioning a particular accomplishment in passing in your statement when this is relevant to explaining your purpose in applying to the program.But statements go astray once the author assumes that his or her purpose is to persuade the reader that he or she is highly qualified for admission. Remember that we will be quick to deny admission if we have insufficient evidence that the candidate is well-suited to the program by virtue of his or her interests and ambitions, regardless of how intellectually well qualified the applicant might be. The statement of purpose is usually the only part of the applicants file where one can find strong evidence of whether the program will really mesh with the applicants interests and ambitions.If you devote the statement to a list of the things the great things you have done, then you will merely exasperate the reader. Your statement should be the right length. The Stanford on-line application says that the statement should be two pages. Many applicants pay no heed to that stipulation and submit something substantially longer. That is a mistake. Succinctness is a virtue in academic as and of Purpose Revised. Doc updated 10/19/05 in other writing. When your file is being read by members of the faculty, they ill be reading it alongside many other files, and they will typically be reading under severe time constraints. People tend not to be especially tolerant of verbosity under these circumstances, to put it mildly. If your reader has evidence that you will take ten words to say something that another, equally qualified candidate will say in six, you might well find that the other candidate will be preferred over you. Sometimes a statement can be overly concise by failing to give a sufficiently detailed account of the applicants purpose in applying to the program. If your first draft of the statement is merely a page, then it is probably insufficiently detailed.Make absolutely sure that your statement contains no misspellings, grammatical or factual errors, and that your prose is as lucid as you can possibly make it. Your readers will reasonably expect that your statement is an example of your writing at its very best. After all, if you are really serious about applying to graduate school, then you will have devoted a lot of time to your statement, and what the reader sees is presumably the outco me of multiple rafts and prolonged effort Poor writing and factual errors are very strong evidence that you are not yet ready for graduate school. A statement of purpose for a doctoral program is different than one for a masters program. A masters program is not inferior to a doctoral program; it is merely different. Therefore, it would be wrong to infer that standards for a statement of purpose in an application to a doctoral program are higher than the standards applicable to masters applications. But the standards are certainly different. For example, in a statement of application to our masters in the Social Sciences in Education (SSE), an excellent statement of purpose might or might not indicate any particular research topic that the student wishes to pursue in the program.The student might also be unsure about which particular social sciences would be the most important ones in his or her studies. Being unclear about these matters is not inappropriate when one is applying to a broadly focused masters program. But being unclear about them would certainly be a liability in a doctoral application. Academic orgasm are more intensively specialized at the doctoral level, and a corresponding degree of specialization and precision in the way applicants specify their academic purposes is reasonably expected.Evidence of your familiarity with the educational research currently under way at SELLS is probably a good thing to see in any statement of purpose, even at the masters level. But in a doctoral application, it is extremely important to show that your interests converge closely with the current research of faculty who work in the program to which 2 and of purpose Revised. Co updated 1 0/19/05 you are applying. Other doctoral applicants will certainly do this, and if you dont, you will forfeit an important competitive advantage to them.Your statement should be tailored to the particular institution to which you are applying. This is not strictly necessary at the masters level, but even there it is a good idea. Of course, its only commonsense to apply to several similar programs at different institutions, and so your statement of purpose in applying to a program at JESSIE may be the same as the statement you submit to three r four programs elsewhere.

Staffing Plan free essay sample

In search for the vacant position of a Recruitment Specialist, and also keeping in mind future hiring the company will need to do in the next 3 months to two years. The sources, which can be greatly helpful in finding the right talent for our company from, are our Corporate website, Online recruiting websites and Executive search firms. With ample number of candidates that come from online recruiting websites, corporate websites can help narrow the recruitment process. Career pages on our company’s websites will educate potential candidates about the company itself, detailed requirements of the open position and other services offered. This will be our first source for selecting qualified candidates who will proceed with the next step in the recruitment process. Thus, the open position is posted on the company’s website, only people who are looking for a job as a Recruitment Specialist or in a Care Centre will apply through the website which will make it easier to pick out qualified applicants. We will write a custom essay sample on Staffing Plan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Online Recruiting Websites such as Canadajobs. ca, Monster Canada, and Workopolis is one of the three sources our company will use in search for a Recruitment Specialist. These online websites have a pool of candidates applying for jobs who already have a post-secondary education or higher and experience in jobs. This gives us a base for our hiring specialists to go through applications and pick and choose the right candidates who best meet the job requirements and specifications. In addition, positing the open job position in various websites saves time and provides a handful of applicants in one place rather than collecting resumes from different agencies. Using Executive Search Firms provide a wide range of qualified candidates from agencies. Although, this maybe costly, given the accurate and complete information about the job being searched for can offer the right professional talent. With respect to our company and the services offered which helps in care of the elderly, the candidate hired should have experience in successful hiring, hiring according to company and health policies and following the right staffing plan. This search firm maybe used as the last source to find candidates, if the Corporate website, and Online recruiting do not provide qualified professionals. Candidate Requirements 1. Bachelors degree in Human Resources or related field 2. Professional in Human Resources (PHR) certification preferred. 3. 3-5 years of recruiting experience 4. Effective team member with leadership skills and interpersonal skills 5. Outstanding organizational skills and ability to prioritize and multi-task, to maximize efficiency. 6. Excellent written and communication skills. Ability to effectively interact with all levels of the organization. 7. Proficiency in the use of Microsoft Word, Excel, Database, and Human Resources Information systems. 8. Must have strong analytical, interpersonal skills, 9. Able to make decisions independently; problem solver Methods of assessment a) In sample structured interview questions, communication skills and persuasiveness are evaluated. Also, this will give us an idea of how comfortable the candidate is while speaking to employees, managers testing their human-relations skills. b) Sample situational interview questions evaluate the comfortability of the candidate on critical thinking, and coming up with strong and accurate results that best answer the questions asked. Also, the response given by the candidate should promote legal laws and HRM. This also benefits the candidate on how well he/she is on emotional aspects of different situations given. Also, in assessing how well his/her recruiting has been in the past, situations given from the candidate will help us decide how well of a Recruiter he/she had been. Evaluating his/her problem solving skills will give us a better understanding on how well the candidate understands the work given. c) Since the job posting is for a Recruitment Specialist, the candidate will be asked to give some of his/her successful recruiting methods and strategies to help the organization succeed. d) Evaluating organization and management skills cannot be assessed in one day. Management Assessment Centres test the candidate using various tests that use realistic exercises that are used daily at work. e) Job knowledge tests can consist of various activities. Firstly, testing the candidate of HRIS system, whether he/she is comfortable with working with the system daily. Orientation Preparing for a new employee’s first day will consist of: Reviews Orientation Checklist Discuss Orientation Checklist Present and discuss Benefits, formal paper work to be signed and completed Give new employee tour of the building/office Introduce employee to co-workers, managers and coordinate job specific training Employee continues job specific training, discuss job duties After one month of employment, HR will follow up with the new employee by calling him/her to solicit feedback Employee e-mails completed Employee Information Card to HR and submits other new hire paperwork Supervisor completes three month Performance Evaluation (if classified) and sends to HR The Importance of Staffing Building healthy human relationships. Staffing function helps to build proper human relationships in the organization. Smooth human relations are the key to better communication and co-ordination of managerial efforts in an organization. Staffing takes care of the need for building a strong organization Effectiveness of staffing and managerial functions lead to healthy, strong and successful capability of its workers Operative training during the selection and training process leads to help the organization prosper in the long run Prospective employees to meet the future challenges and goals of the organization need to address. Therefore the potential contribution of the staff in their expected future roles should also be taken into account in staff selection What I learned Upon finishing this assignment: I learned the importance of interviewing a candidate for a job; designing questions specific to what is required from the candidate narrows if the candidate will proceed to the next step in the interview. The importance of taking notes during and after the interview is crucial when there is more than one candidate to be interviewed. Taking notes during and after the interview helps the interviewer keep all the key points in mind while the interview is speaking. Emphasizing on the job description and specifications narrows what kind of candidates to bring in for interviewing rather than wasting time on everyone who applies. Learning about the various tests used for selection gave me a better understanding on which test to use depending on the job being applied for. For example, Recruitment Specialist job involves problem solving; situational testing and aptitude tests could be used while interview candidates. During the selection process it might be hard for some people to avoid their inner instincts or judgments that can come up during the interview, selection of the right candidate for the job. Applicants are only hired to help the organization succeed with the services it offers. Upon finishing this assignment, I learned the importance of sticking to the accurate information provided from the candidates and other resources to help the applicants succeed in getting a job with respect to the strategic ways of hiring. The Interview 1. Give examples of ideas youve had or implemented (in recruitment) 2. What parts of your education do you see as relevant to this position? Learning the various ways of hiring from an organization or externally through recruiting will come into play a lot in this position. Understanding the goals and the economic conditions of an organization is the first step in determining the need to workers. How to design a Job Analysis and the different types of ways there are in learning the duties and responsibilities of a position. 3. What steps do you follow to study a problem before making a decision? When a problem arises, the main points I look at are what caused the problem, how we as a company or the worker went wrong. After figuring out how the problem was caused, I look at the gain/loss that could come up. After determining if it was a gain or loss, next step is to come up with different alternatives that could be used to fix the problem. 4. List five words that describe your character. Dedicated, honest, always a positive attitude, confident and organized. 5. Would you say that you are most effective in communicating face-to-face, by telephone, or in written form? Tell me about why you consider yourself to be most effective in this area and describe a situation that illustrates this. Although, I have no problem communicating with people with either on the phone, face-to-face, or in written form, I work best with face-to-face. Communicating face-to-face always has a plus because both of the persons in the conversation know what his/her body language and tone is. Knowing how comfortable the person I am speaking to is the easier and more friendlier conversation we will have. 6. Tell me about a time when you had to analyze information and make a recommendation. What was your reasoning? What kind of thought process did you go through?

Kids nowadays essays

Kids nowadays essays Kids nowadays dont respect their elders (Long)! These few but exact words say a great deal about the relationship between younger and older generations. Modern day children just do not know how to behave in the presence of older generations, at least that is how older generations see things. The elders (older generations) believe that children today are just plain bad. Kids are disobedient, disrespectful, and unintelligent in the present society. In the elders opinion, it is the fault of the children themselves for their deportation toward life and its components. With this in mind, is it really the fault of the children or the fault of their parents for the childs attitude towards life and its components? According to the University of Wisconsins Centers for Actions survey of 37,339 youths, 97.0% are worried about getting good grades. When confronted, most of who were surveyed stated that their parents attitude towards schooling played the largest factor in their own commitment to their education (Council 1). In most cases, parents have done well at influencing their children to strive for better grades. However, no matter how hard one tries, there can only be one top of the class. It is this fact that makes students lose interest in education. They see it as a blockade, a wall, an unapproachable obstacle for their future. Why persist where attempts are futile? That is the problem most commonly disrupting teens concentration towards future success. This is where a parent must step in and take charge of the situation. A parent must show the child that not everyone can be the best but the best can be in everyone. Teens must be taught that they have a reason, a contribution, for their existence. In addition to parental guidance, there needs to be a large amount of parental advisory in the activities that their teen engages in throughout the day. Parenting starts nin...

How to write a winning tutor resume

How to write a winning tutor resume Those who can, do. Those who can teach, make money. Tutoring is a great, flexible job option for a lot of different people: teachers who want a part-time hustle, students who want to put their recent academic or test-taking success to work, subject matter experts who want a side hustle (noticing a theme?), and plenty of others. Tutoring is a big freelance business, and can be a very lucrative one. It’s not your average 9-to-5 job, so it’s important to think of your tutoring resume as a unique document worthy of your time and attention, instead of just emailing the doc of your catch-all resume. And if you are a student or a recent grad looking for a tutoring gig, it might actually be your first brush with resume-ing. Whatever the case may be, we’ve got tips and strategies to get you through the initial writing, and get you tutoring. Plan before you write your resume.Think about what job you’ll be applying for, and who will be reading your resume. Will it be a recruiter at an academic or test prep center? If so, you may need to make your resume more inclusive, to cover the variety of topics you’re able to teach. Will it be a client (or client’s parent), deciding whether you’re the one for a private tutoring gig? In-person or online? All of these things can affect the information you present, and what you choose to emphasize.For example, if you’re applying for a tutoring center, you might want to highlight your years of experience working with dozens of students to raise grades and work on writing skills. If you’re going to be working as a one-on-one tutor, emphasize either your own expertise (perfect SAT score, 4.0 GPA in calculus, etc.) or what you’ve helped others to achieve (your students have raised their SAT scores an average of 200 points). And if you’re going to be an online tutor, you might want to emphasize your strong tech skills in addition to your teaching skills. Tutor jobs are not one-size-fits-all, so make sure your resume fits what you’re trying to achieve.Start with the basics.The top of your resume should always be your core information: contact info, including a (professional and respectable) email address. If you have social media that supports your tutoring or teaching, feel free to include it- but only if it’s relevant. Your blog â€Å"Josh’s Tutoring Tip of the Day† is a great link to include. The â€Å"Josh rants about what happened in the game last night† Twitter feed is not.Josh Smith(444) 111-1111JoshTheTutor@emaildomain.comWebsite: JoshsTutorTips.govTweetgram profile: @thetutorguyWith social media comes great responsibility, so if you do choose to include it in your tutoring resume, definitely do the precautionary sweep to make sure that everything is appropriate and professional-looking. This is especially true if you’re planning to work with younger students- if parents look you up and see tota lly inappropriate partying pictures or a strident political manifesto you wrote back in freshman year, they might think twice about hiring you to work with their kid. And creating a professional brand is a good idea anyway, so having an online portfolio of your teaching and tutoring can be a big asset.If you have a strength that you really want to see, consider using a headline. This is just a brief one-liner that shows off what you most want the reader to see. For example:Perfect LSAT-Scorer and Results-Focused Tutor  or  Math Whiz Who Makes Calculus EasyNext, show off your education.Tutoring is an area where it’s okay to brag about your educational bonafides, because you want to show that you’ve got the education and expertise to back up your teaching. The Education section can also help convey a lot of background information about you in a very brief, concise way. Here’s an example of a tutor looking for a job at a writing center that also helps students prepare for standardized tests.EDUCATION ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS  State University of California,  Bachelor of ArtsGraduating May 2018Major: EnglishOverall GPA: 3.8Major GPA: 4.0Awards: The 2017 Undergraduate Prize in Writing Excellence  Yosemite High School, Sacramento, CA,   High School DiplomaOverall GPA: 3.9SAT Score: 1580 (800 Verbal, 780 Math)ACT Score: 36This is a pretty hefty â€Å"Education† section, and includes information that you might not need on a regular professional resume (like test scores and high school GPA). But in this case, it shows that the tutor is high-achieving as a college writer, and also that she performed very well on standardized tests as a student herself- particularly on verbal sections. All of that is information that can help set her apart from other applicants for the tutoring job.Depending on your own strengths and the information that’s most relevant to the tutoring job you’re seeking, you can pick and choose informa tion to include here- as long as it’s related to your academic career.Focus on your tutoring experience.In a regular resume, you wouldn’t necessarily think of breaking your work experience into two sections because you usually want the reader to get a sense of your experience as a whole. In a tutor resume, you should. Why? Because you want the reader to really focus on your specific tutoring qualifications, so those should go front and center. Pull out your directly relevant tutoring, teaching, or subject matter expertise experience first, and then if you have relevant work experience, add an â€Å"Other Work Experience† section. For example:EXPERIENCEAlgebra Tutor  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Stonecroft High SchoolMarch 2015 – presentCreate practice worksheets and quizzes for Algebra I and II studentsHelp students raise their algebra gra des by an average of 13%Tutor students one-on-one and in small groups  General Math Tutor  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Stonecroft Community Center Homework HelplineJune 2016 – presentTutor students between 3rd and 12th grade on general math concepts, arithmetic, algebra, geometry, precalculus, and calculusProvide customized one-on-one tutoring for students who attend the Community Center’s afterschool homework help program  OTHER EXPERIENCECamp Counselor  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Happy Day Camp, Smithville, ILSummer 2016 – Summer 2017Manage daily activities for children age 10-12Create physical and educational activities for kids of diverse learning abilitiesHost the annual â€Å"Math is Magic† variety show for campersThe benefit of breaking up the experience sections h ere is that the tutor is able to show off the strong tutoring experience he has, while also including other jobs (here, the camp counselor position) that supplement the idea that he is a strong leader and teacher, without that second job distracting from the tutoring expertise.Pick your skills wisely.You’re applying for a very specific job, so make sure that any skills you include are laser-focused that job. You may be great at organizing meetings or negotiating tricky disputes between colleagues, but someone reading your resume for a tutoring job needs to know what you bring to the table as a tutor, not necessarily a general employee. If you have subject-specific skills that align with what you’d be teaching, use them here. If you have tech skills that enhance your tutoring, use them here. This is also a good place to list strengths that can help you stand out, like language skills. For example:KEY SKILLS:Multilingual (fluent in English and Spanish, able to speak and write basic Mandarin)Illustrating complicated mathematical information and breaking it down to the most essential informationProofreading and editingThis tutor may have 15 more skills that make her invaluable as an employee, teacher, or coach. But she chooses to focus on the ones that show value as a tutor hired to teach and review complicated concepts with someone who may not understand right away. And including a note about languages spoken helps broaden her appeal as well, as she’s showing that she can work with students who may feel more comfortable working in Spanish or Mandarin.Let your expertise shine through.And†¦that’s it. One of the key things to remember about your tutoring resume is that it doesn’t have to be a complex beast, with information about everything you’ve ever done. This is especially true if you’re becoming a tutor as a part-time or second job. You want your tutoring resume to be specific to and focused on the tutoring job you want, while showing off the top skills you bring as a tutor. The average resume gets only a few seconds of consideration, so it’s important to make your information pop, and your value clear right away.

User generated content Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

User generated content - Dissertation Example After going through the different phases of research that we have been doing during the course of our research work assessing the impact of user generated content can have upon the development and prosperity of the hospitality industry and tourism sector of Dominican Republic, we have entered the conclusive phases of our discussion in which we will subsequently be dealing and highlighting ways through the application of which the tourism as well as the affiliated and symbiotically related hospitality segment and sector of the country can also undergo progress.We will primarily be dealing with the recommendations through the help, application and implementation of which these objectives can be achieved. In addition to this we will also incorporate the conclusive phase of our discussion in this very segment of our research. However before we move towards the proposed recommendations that we can possibly make regarding the tourism sector of Dominican Republic it is also very important a nd essential for us to once again have a thorough look to the different dynamics of this sector and at the same time also realize the necessity and need which is important for the development of this sector for this particular country. In this context it is first and foremost important to understand the multitude effects that the sector of tourism has played in maintaining the smoothness and consistency of the economic engine of the country. For the fulfillment of this purpose it is also important to understand such facts with the help of graphical representation which will concurrently provide us with an overview of the contemporary state of tourism in Dominican Republic and the ways in which it can progress in years to come. Graph 1 can be seen at the end of this document The graph that has been provided above shows the change in trends that have taken over more than a decade in different Caribbean countries. Even though different countries with their specific estimates have not b een mentioned in the graph itself, however it is worth mentioning here that the revenue generated by the tourism sector of Dominican Republic constitutes over 20% of the total GDP of the country. With this percentage Dominican Republic occupies fourth position in the entire Caribbean region among other countries that have a large chunk of their GDP attributed and obtained by means of the tourism services that they are able to provide to visitors coming to these places. With the help of the graph and the overview that has been provided it is comprehensibly demonstrated that the tourism sector of Dominican Republic has pivotal importance as far as the conduction of development and progress projects in the country are concerned as it is one of the key sources through the help of which foreign direct investment can easily influx the country. However despite of the fact that the tourism sector can play an effective role in the economic development of the country the country still lags be hind in terms of the revenue that it generates as compared to other countries such as Barbados, Bahamas and Dominica. (Harvey, 2006) It is important that the factors that contribute in the halting of the progress of this industry are also carefully assessed. In addition to this it is also important to mention that the tourism industry of Dominican Republic has a cumulative assortment of over $4 billion annually and along with this the sector has also proved to be the safest and most secure employment ground for the people of the country who are either directly or indirectly related to the industry. Some of the most fundamental problems that the country encounters in the progress of its tourism sector are the lack of proper infrastructure that it needs to integrate to actually provide quality and lavish lifestyle to people who come to this place. (Pariser, 1994) Even though with the passage of time many new hotels and resorts have been built keeping in mind

ERM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

ERM - Essay Example Innovation in the public sector context: In public sector context, innovation is defined as application of new ideas to produce improved outcomes. It is creating and implementing products, services or methods of delivery to improve the efficiency, the effectiveness and the quality of outcomes (Hargadon, Andrew 2003). Generally the public sector is considered as a passive receiver of innovation taking place in the private sector by the private companies, but the public institutions do innovate as well. Innovation takes place across government’s public sector entities these include policy development, different approaches for using technology, program delivery, also organizational innovation to provide new services. Every public servant should realize and appreciate the importance and diversity of innovation, and find such ways to achieve it that minimizes its risks (Mulgan & Albury 2003). Different forms and dimensions of innovation: Innovation theories show that it can take ma ny forms as some will be transformational, representing s a substantial departure from the past. Others include organizational improvements or emergent technologies. Innovation can be triggered within a sector/institution or by external influences. Different types of innovation in the public sector include the following streams. Firstly shaping policy directions; here the public sector role is to provide consultancy to government’s decision making related to policies and programs by providing objective and reasoned advices. Second type is implementation of policies and programs that is by delivering services to the country’s community efficiently and effectively. Lastly there are administrative innovations that introduce new internal processes and practices aimed at improving productivity and reducing costs (Paul Cunningham). Benefits of Innovation: There are many diverse benefits of innovation. Innovation is crucial for the enhancement of economic performance, welfare of the society, and for the stability of the environment, these benefits of innovation are widely recognized. Innovation can also drive new directions and enable better performance. It can improve an organization’s or a sector’s (public or private) efficiency as innovation would provide not only higher quality but also more timely services to citizens. It will also reduce business transaction costs. One of the major benefits of innovation is that it provides new methods of operation, and it is only innovation that helps moving from the present to future (Reilly 2013). Two Basic Drivers for Innovation: One of the main drivers for innovation specifically in public sector includes new and changing government as well as community expectations, to meet these expectations the public sector needs to innovate. The other driver for innovation in the public sector is the need for coordinated approaches, this is when there are discrepancies in the current approaches and are not sufficient for the new changing system, hence innovation is to come up with new approaches and refined processes that can fulfill the requirements (Boden & Miles 2000). Private and public sector innovation: Both the private and public sector innovation have some differences, commonalities, and synergies. Some aspects of public sector inn

Value-Neutrality Paper Associated with Counseling Essay Example for Free

Value-Neutrality Paper Associated with Counseling Essay When working in the counseling field, one must remain neutral about issues that a client is suffering from. A counselor should not criticize a client for what he or she may believe in and should make ethical decisions when dealing with his or her clients. Within this paper, one will locate personal beliefs on ethical decisions, factors that might lead a counselor to referring a client to another counselor and, what would a counselor do if a referral is not an option. As a counselor, remaining value-neutral to a client’s situation should always be practiced with ethical decision-making. A counselor should remain neutral to all issues that a client is in session for to give the client the necessary help that is needed. If a counselor expresses moral judgment to a client in regards to his or her issue, the client can become resistant to the therapy session and the counselor. A client comes to the counselor because they are looking for help not to be judged or looked at negatively (Module 3 Lecture). With the issues stated above, I would be able to have a therapy session with a client, even though I am against all of the issues. Personally, I would stay away from my own values and beliefs so that no problems will arise within our counseling relationship. An example is that if I were to use my own values in a therapeutic session with a client, it would be only to allow the client to see that I was not successful with a similar issue they are facing. Out of nine ethical-decision making models that were created for counselors, no two models were alike but had similarities. Most of the models stated for one to identify the problem, consult the ethic codes, think about the consequences of the decision, and choose what is best for the client (Remley Herlihy, 2010). With ethical-decision making, as a counselor one must integrate a model that fits them personally to help the client because no one model works for everyone. If a counselor is faced with a client who suffers from any of these issues, the counselor has to work with the client to help them with his or her situation. Be mindful to the issue that the client is facing and if you are not experienced and do not fully understand, get help from another counselor who is more experienced in that area. A factor that may lead a counselor to refer a client to another counselor is handled case by case for the best outcome for the client. Reasons would be, if the client has come to a counselor that is not trained to treat the condition the client needs help with, dual relationships, insurance reasons, financial abilities of an agency, or if the client and counselor is having difficulties relating. If referring a client was not an option, I would work with another counselor to gain the necessary knowledge that is needed to treat my client and make the situation professional (Module 3 Lecture).

Symbolism and Setting in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson Essay -- The Lo

Symbolism and Setting in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson ?The Lottery? by Shirley Jackson is a short story that without the symbolism of its characters, would amount to little more than an odd tale about a stoning. However, because of what each character represents and the way the setting helps to magnify those representations, it becomes a short story that is anything but short of meaning. The first character is probably the most obviously symbolic character of the story. Every word that leaves Old Man Warner?s Mouth reeks of tradition. He never stops criticizing new ideas about the lottery, the way it is run, or complaining about how things have changed for the worst, etc., etc. When Mr. Adams tells him that the residents of a neighboring village are considering doing away with the lottery, he says they are ?a pack of crazy fools.? After the Hutchinson family draws for the second time and he can hear people whisper about who they hope drew the spot, he is quick to point out ?It?s not the way it used to be, people aren?t the way they used to be.? He probably reminds most readers of an older person he or she once knew always saying, ?Well in my day we did things differently?..? and ? What is wrong with kids these days? Why when I was a kid if I did that.? He is clinging to tradition, even some that are no longer observed, and totally unwilling to let go of the ones that are still practiced, in spite of how ludicrous they might be. It has always been done that way before so why change things now? In ?the Lottery,? old Man Warner symbolizes everything that is wrong with tradition and really forces a person to consider some of the ridiculous things that we as members of society have done and or continue... ... a single character in the story who could not be a next-door neighbor, a teacher or a co-worker. The setting is so real that there can be no doubt in a first time readers mind the story is taking place right here in America land of the free where things like this just do not happen. This makes the shock at the end of the story that much greater. The reader is forced to deal with the fact, that all these evils, authority that is too powerful, terrible traditions, cowardice, and indifference are taking place right here right now in our own backyards. The setting makes the ending so powerful because the reader cannot remove the unpleasantness of the story by saying ?That stuff doesn?t happen here.? The combination of setting, symbolic characters and a surprisingly twisted ending make ?The Lottery? by Shirley Jackson a truly powerful and thought provoking story.

Feminism of Poverty Essay

The feminism of poverty can be described as a movement in political, economic and social equality for women, and is closely related to Liberalism. Feminism sees discrimination as a distinction of unequal treatment from all social, political and economic access for women. Feminism of poverty reaches all women, Black, White, Asian or English. It has been around since the beginning of time. Women have taken the role of mother, maid, cook and lover. They did not have the right to vote, own property nor work. It was not until 1848, when women demanded the enfranchisement for the ballot (vote), became vociferous. In 1869 2when Black men were given the vote in the 15th Amendment, Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton refused to endorse the amendment, because it did not give women the vote and to become equal to their counter parts. http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/suffrage/history.htm Even back then women were reduced to mere servants and those that did not have a family or husband lived in poverty both black and white. Women suffrage and poverty did not only exist here in the United States, these social political and economic inequalities were felt around the world; Such as in Great Britain, Europe, Finland and Africa, other third world countries also had social issues pertaining to poverty. Those most likely to live in poverty in the U.S. are women and children. This is referred to as the feminization of poverty; increasingly the poor included unwed mothers, separated and divorced mothers, serving as the head of households (Basirico, et al, 2010). It is Known that women are much more likely to be poor than men, and that the impact of fiscal policy on the distribution of income is the main reason that women in the U.S. are more likely to be poor than women in other countries www.questia.com/search/feminization-poverty In the United States, in many communities there are individuals who live in poverty and cannot take care of themselves and their children especially women. So they become homeless living in shelters, cars, cardboard boxes, live on the streets, sleep on park benches, doorways or in major cities they may sleep in subways, because they have no income to support themselves. For example women have become prostitutes and shoplifters in order to feed themselves and their family/families. Of the adult poor who do not, about forty percent work at jobs that pay so little that they fall below the poverty line and one-third of their children are poor also. Because they do not have viable jobs they cannot support their children or themselves, so they are still under the umbrella of the feminism of poverty. From 1951-2008 of the women who worked in the U.S. their pay gap was 64-71 cents for every dollar earned by men http://www.infoplease.com Women have fought for equal pay & rights since 1848, and as of 2009, 30 percent of women who are heads of families with no husband present have income below the poverty line. Demographics have shown that these individuals are the most likely group to be chronically poor. The U.S. Census, Labor and the Economics Statistics of the Department of commerce shows in a study that the trends and conditions of women( two to three tim es)are still lower than men and the feminism of poverty is still a growing concern today as of March 2011 (Basirico, et al, 2010). With these continued disparities we will continue to be faced with the Feminism of poverty, because society has turned a deaf ear on the issues of women and children, they look the other way when it comes to providing for those within their own country, but they are quick to jump on the band wagon in the plight for other countries. We as a society have our priorities mixed up; if we are rich the attitude is according to Newt Gingrich â€Å"I don’t care about the poor†. If we are middle class we have the mentality that I’m just surviving myself. And if we are already poor we have the tendency to share. The same can be said about the church every Sunday we go to church and take up a benevolence offering to help the poor and when they need help in most cases they are turned away. The church is supposed to help those in need through the giving of food, shelter, clothes and money. But we have become so modernized and have forgotten to obey God’s laws that we ha ve lost sight of the word give. From the many issues that involve the feminism of poverty the best theory that applies to this particular issue is the conflict theory a social theory that views conflict as inevitable and natural and as a significant cause of social change (Basirico, et al, 2012). The feminism of poverty relates to the two classes that Marx saw those who own the means of product (rich) and those who provide the labor (poor), in an economic system that supports inequality, the exploited eventually revolt. Women were submissive for so long that they began to demand equal rights just as their counter part and black’s had. They had a need to become their own person, but throughout history even though they made progress they still were under played, poor and were listed as most likely to remain that way as they are today. In the scope of feminism of poverty it can be said that society is ion a state of constant change. Male against female and workers against employer, those that have power, wealth and prestige will always be in conflict with others (poor) that do not. Because there are limited commodities and demand exceeds the supply, those that are in control of those desirable goods, services and resources will defend and protect their interest. Those who are poor and living in poverty especially (women & children) are a threat to the rich and middle class. So they are suppressed through the lack of jobs, education, money, welfare and healthcare. Women social status of wages disparities, ownership (men) and motherhood result from degradation and exploitation by men and eventually is/was a cause of the feminism of poverty. If our society (government) do not put in place laws that will protect, serve and help our women and children who live in poverty. Though more workforce programs, jobs, healthcare and education we will eventually become as other third world countries. If Canada can do this why can’t we the riches country in the world do so? Reference Basirico, L.A., Cashion, B.J. & Eshleman, J.R. (2012). Introduction to Sociology. (5th ed). Redding, CA http://www.infoplease.com/html http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/suffarge/history.htm www.questia.com/search/feminization-poverty

Minar-e-Pakistan Essay

Minar-e-Pakistan (Pakistan Day Memorial) is a minar which was built to commemorate the day when the Pakistan resolution was passed on March 23, 1940. The main tower of this memorial was completed on March 22, 1968. The location was originally known as Minto Park. It was here that the historic session of the All-India Muslim League was held on March 23, 1940. In 1960 the Muslim League leaders impressed upon the local authorities the need for building a memorial. The governor of West Pakistan, Akhtar Hussain, issued an appeal to the public for contributions for constructing the memorial. He also constituted a memorial committee and a memorial fund for collecting donations from philanthropists. Murat Khan, a Turkish architect, designed the memorial. The governor laid the foundation stone of the memorial on March 23, 1960. The tower took about eight years to complete, at an estimated cost of Rs. 500,000. The tower rises above a platform shaped like a five-pointed star. The terrace is thr ee feet from ground level, the platform’s height is about six feet, and the star platform is about 12 feet high. It is surrounded by two crescent-shaped pools, four feet deep and lined with green and red marble. The tower has a spring shaped hall spanned by arches. The rostrum facing Badshahi Mosque is a quadrant constructed with Mughal patterned tiles. The circular diameter of the tower is 320 feet. The petals, 30 feet high, look like a blooming flower. The total height of the structure is 203 feet from ground level. On the marble slabs of the central shaft are inscribed a brief history of the Pakistan Resolution in English, Urdu and Bengali, the 99 names of God and poetic verses from Allama Iqbal. The tower has 10 vertical covering slabs interlaced with flower petals and glazed cement domes, with a sightseeing platform and a central spiral staircase. The design of the base and the first four platforms depict the history of the Pakistan Movement through architectural symbols. Rough stones and cement have been haphazardly laid representing the chaotic conditions and the lack of direction in the early stages of the freedom movement of the Indian Muslims. The stones used for the first platform are rough Taxila stones. Hammer-dressed stones are used on the second platform. On the third platform are laid chiseled stones, while the fourth and final platform is of highly polished marble, symbolizing the ultimate success of the freedom movement. The dome is of stainless steel inlaid with fine glass pieces. Up  to the dome there are four stages spread over 162 stairs.The best and encompassing panoramic view of Lahore and the citadel is obtained by using the elevator which takes you all the way up to the top of the tower. The park is a popular recreational spot for Lahorites who congregate there in large numbers. It is often used for holding large public meetings. The locality of the memorial has been highlighted with well planned parks. Eight marble fountains on the main access add to the beauty of the memorial, emitting watery rainbows with the help of multicolored lights.

Isabel Archer Vs. Daisy Miller

Isabel Archer Vs. Daisy Miller Stories featuring ill-fated heroines are not uncommontake Sophocles' Antigone, Shakespeare's Juliet, or Hawthorne's Hester, for example, all well embedded as worldwide classics. Or just take any one of Henry James' many heroinesmost of whom find themselves confronted with rather tragic destinies. Enter Miss Daisy Miller and Miss Isabel Archer. Though a good-natured girl, Daisy Miller does not possess the capability to see beyond her own needs and is thus fatally flawed. Isabel Archer, however, possesses the ability to see beyond herself and is therefore capable of owning up to her mistakes and avoiding personal ruin.Daisy Miller, in James' novella Daisy Miller, A Case Study is a very young, very "American"‚  lady traveling around Europe with her timid mother, unruly younger brother, and all-too-familiar courier. The little group embraces Europe with an entirely American point of view, much to the Europeanized Americans' dismay. Perhaps this novel achieved such high success in America because the heroine so directly represents the free spirit of America.English: Henry James in 1897.Also an American, Isabel Archer, in James' The Portrait of a Lady is an intelligent, beautiful girl brought to Europe with the intention that one might "make something out of her."‚  Because of her confident individuality, Isabel ends up victimized by less candid characters. This novel, though written quite before James' Major Phase, retains its popularity for its meticulous look at the deep dissent into the heartbreak that life can bring.It is not unfitting to begin by discussing European society. It has been speculated that James worked so frequently with female heroines because he was homosexual, but the personal reasons he so often chose to center his stories around women is not as important as the social ones. American-born Henry James is said to have thought that the social structure in his homeland wasn't...

Biography of Sun Yat-sen, Chinese Revolutionary Leader

Biography of Sun Yat-sen, Chinese Revolutionary Leader Sun Yat-sen (November 12, 1866–March 12, 1925) holds a unique position in the Chinese-speaking world today. He is the only figure from the early revolutionary period who is honored as the Father of the Nation by people in both the Peoples Republic of China and the Republic of China (Taiwan). Fast Facts: Sun Yat-sen Known For:  Chinese Revolutionary figure, Father of the NationBorn:  November 12, 1866 in Cuiheng village, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, ChinaParents: Sun Dacheng and Madame YangDied: March 12, 1925 in Peking (Beijing), ChinaEducation: Cuiheng elementary school, Iolani high school, Oahu College (Hawaii), Government Central School (Queens College), Hong Kong College of MedicineSpouse(s): Lu Muzhen (m. 1885–1915), Kaoru Otsuki (m. 1903–1906), Soong Ching-ling (m. 1915–1925); Chen Cuifen (concubine,  1892–1912)Children: Son Sun Fo (b. 1891), daughter Sun Jinyuan (b. 1895), daughter Sun Jinwan (b. 1896) with Lu; Daughter Fumiko (b. 1906) with Kaoru Early Life Sun Yat-sen was born Sun Wen in Cuiheng village, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province on November 12, 1866, one of six children born to tailor and peasant farmer Sun Dacheng and his wife Madame Yang. Sun Yat-sen attended elementary school in China, but he moved to Honolulu, Hawaii at the age of 13 where his elder brother Sun Mei had lived since 1871. In Hawaii, Sun Wen lived with his brother Sun Mei and studied at the Iolani School, earning his high school diploma in 1882, and then spent a single semester at Oahu College before his older brother abruptly sent him back to China at the age of 17. Sun Mei feared that his brother was going to convert to Christianity if he stayed longer in Hawaii. Christianity and Revolution Sun Wen had already absorbed too many Christian ideas, however. In 1883, he and a friend broke the Beiji Emperor-God statue in front of his home villages temple. In 1884, his parents arranged for his first marriage to Lu Muzhen (1867–1952), the daughter of a local merchant. In 1887, Sun Wen left for Hong Kong to enroll in the college of medicine and left his wife behind. They would have three children together: son Sun Fo (b. 1891), daughter Sun Jinyuan (b. 1895), daughter Sun Jinwan (b. 1896). He would go on to marry twice more and take a long-term mistress, all without divorcing Lu. In Hong Kong, Sun received a medical degree from the Hong Kong College of Medicine (now the University of Hong Kong). During his time in Hong Kong, the young man converted to Christianity (to his familys chagrin). When he was baptized, he received a new name: Sun Yat-sen. For Sun Yat-sen, becoming Christian was a symbol of his embrace of modern, or Western, knowledge and ideas. It was a revolutionary statement at a time when the Qing Dynasty was trying desperately to fend off westernization. By 1891, Sun had given up his medical practice and was working with the Furen Literary Society, which advocated the overthrow of the Qing. He also began a 20-year relationship with a Hong Kong woman named Chen Cuifen. He went back to Hawaii in 1894 to recruit Chinese ex-patriots there to the revolutionary cause in the name of the Revive China Society. The 1894–1895 Sino-Japanese War was a disastrous defeat for the Qing government, feeding into calls for reform. Some reformers sought a gradual modernization of imperial China, but Sun Yat-sen called for the end of the empire and the establishment of a modern republic. In October 1895, the Revive China Society staged the First Guangzhou Uprising in an attempt to overthrow the Qing; their plans leaked, however, and the government arrested more than 70 society members. Sun Yat-sen escaped into exile in Japan. Exile During his exile in Japan, Sun Yat-sen met Kaoru Otsuki and asked for her hand in marriage in 1901. Since she was only 13 at the time, her father forbade their marriage until 1903. They had a daughter named Fumiko who, after Sun Yat-sen abandoned them in 1906, was adopted by a family named Miyagawa. It was also during his exile in Japan and elsewhere that Sun Yat-sen made contacts with Japanese modernizers and advocates of pan-Asian unity against Western imperialism. He also helped supply weapons to the Filipino Resistance, which had fought its way free from Spanish imperialism only to have the new Republic of the Philippines crushed by the Americans in 1902. Sun had been hoping to use the Philippines as a base for a Chinese revolution  but had to give up that plan. From Japan, Sun also launched a second attempted uprising against the government of Guangdong. Despite help from the organized crime triads, on October 22, 1900, the Huizhou Uprising also failed. Throughout the first decade of the 20th century, Sun Yat-sen called for China to expel the Tatar barbarians- meaning the ethnic-Manchu Qing Dynasty- while gathering support from overseas Chinese in the US, Malaysia, and Singapore. He launched seven more attempted uprisings, including an invasion of southern China from Vietnam in December 1907, called the Zhennanguan Uprising. His most impressive effort to date, Zhennanguan ended in failure after seven days of bitter fighting. The Republic of China Sun Yat-sen was in the United States when the Xinhai Revolution broke out at Wuchang on October 10, 1911. Caught off guard, Sun missed the rebellion that brought down the child emperor, Puyi, and ended the imperial period of Chinese history. As soon as he heard that the Qing Dynasty had fallen, Sun raced back to China. A council of delegates from the provinces elected Sun Yat-sen to be the provisional president of the new Republic of China on December 29, 1911. Sun was chosen in recognition of his unflagging work raising funds and sponsoring uprisings over the previous decade. However, the northern warlord Yuan Shi-kai had been promised the presidency if he could pressure Puyi into formally abdicating the throne. Puyi abdicated on February 12, 1912, so on March 10, Sun Yat-sen stepped aside and Yuan Shi-kai became the next provisional president. It soon became clear that Yuan hoped to establish a new imperial dynasty, rather than a modern republic. Sun began to rally his own supporters, calling them to a legislative assembly in Beijing in May of 1912. The assembly was evenly divided between supporters of Sun Yat-sen and Yuan Shi-kai. At the assembly, Suns ally Song Jiao-ren renamed their party the Guomindang (KMT). The KMT took many legislative seats in the election, but not a majority; it had 269/596 in the lower house, and 123/274 in the senate. Yuan Shi-kai ordered the assassination of KMT leader Song Jiao-ren in March of 1913. Unable to prevail at the ballot box and fearful of Yuan Shi-kais ruthless ambition, Sun organized a KMT force to challenge Yuans army in July 1913. Yuans 80,000 troops prevailed, however, and Sun Yat-sen once more had to flee to Japan in exile. Chaos In 1915, Yuan Shi-kai briefly realized his ambitions when he proclaimed himself the Emperor of China (r. 1915–16). His proclamation as emperor sparked a violent backlash from other warlords- such as Bai Lang- as well as a political reaction from the KMT. Sun Yat-sen and the KMT fought the new emperor in the Anti-Monarchy War, even as Bai Lang led the Bai Lang Rebellion, touching off Chinas Warlord Era. In the chaos that followed, the opposition at one point declared both Sun Yat-sen and Xu Shi-chang as the President of the Republic of China. In the midst of the chaos, Sun Yat-sen married his third wife, Soong Ching-ling (m. 1915–1925), whose sister May-ling would later marry Chiang Kai-shek. To bolster the KMTs chances of overthrowing Yuan Shi-kai, Sun Yat-sen reached out to local and international communists. He wrote to the Second Communist International (Comintern) in Paris for support, and also approached the Communist Party of China (CPC). Soviet leader Vladimir Lenin praised Sun for his work  and sent advisers to help establish a military academy. Sun appointed a young officer named Chiang Kai-shek as the commandant of the new National Revolutionary Army and its training academy. The Whampoa Academy officially opened on May 1, 1924. Preparations for the Northern Expedition Although Chiang Kai-shek was skeptical about the alliance with the communists, he went along with his mentor Sun Yat-sens plans. With Soviet aid, they trained an army of 250,000, which would march through northern China in a three-pronged attack, aimed at wiping out the warlords Sun Chuan-fang in the northeast, Wu Pei-fu in the Central Plains, and Zhang Zuo-lin in Manchuria. This massive military campaign would take place between 1926 and 1928, but would simply realign power among the warlords rather than consolidating power behind the Nationalist government. The longest-lasting effect was probably the enhancement of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-sheks reputation- but Sun Yat-sen would not live to see it. Death On March 12, 1925, Sun Yat-sen died at the Peking Union Medical College from liver cancer. He was just 58 years old. Although he was a baptized Christian, he was first buried at a Buddhist shrine near Beijing called the Temple of Azure Clouds. In a sense, Suns early death ensured that his legacy lives on in both mainland China and Taiwan. Because he brought together the Nationalist KMT and the Communist CPC, and they were still allies at the time of his death, both sides honor his memory. Sources Bergere, Marie-Clare. Sun Yat-sen. Trans. Lloyd, Janet. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1998.Lee, Lai To, and Hock Guan Lee. Sun Yat-sen, Nanyang and the 1911 Revolution. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2011.Lum, Yansheng Ma, and Raymond Mun Kong Lum. Sun Yat-sen in Hawaii: Activities and Supporters. Honolulu: Hawaii Chinese History Center, 1999.  Schriffin, Harold. Sun Yat-sen and the Origins of the Chinese Revolution. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1970.

Strategy- the question below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategy- the question below - Essay Example expected to rise gradually and record a steady flow of revenue, the economy is going to recover, and consumers are going to have more disposable income available for purchasing both premium and private label brands. This will enhance the average transaction sizes for grocery stores and supermarkets. According to Quelch, the Supermarkets and Grocery Stores Industry, which is in the mature stage of its life cycle, will be in the next couple years preceding 2019.The supermarkets and grocery industry contribution to the GDP of the economy is predicted to remain flat. An industry’s contribution to the economy is measured by the industry’s value added or simply (IVA).However, the country’s GDP is expected to rise to an estimated average level of 2.5% annually despite the fall in the growth of the supermarket industry. According to Korda, 2012, an industry is terms as declining when its growth falls below the GDP’s annual growth level. This should however not ala rm you because supermarkets and groceries have in the past-recorded low profit margins leading to a lowering of the whole’s industry contribution to the economy. Other factors contributing to the industry’s slow growth include the intense competition in the food retailing industry which cays a reduction in the profit margins of the retail stores. The introduction of new entrants to the industry (Edli and Aldi) are bound to result in lower profit margins for our company in the future if necessary measures are not taken like adopting a cost advantage strategy. There are a number of reasons why the supermarket should adopt the cost advantage strategy. Berinstein, 2003, argues that a firm pursuing a cost-leadership strategy attempts to gain a competitive advantage primarily by reducing its economic costs below its competitors. Wm Supermarket is a big supermarket. It therefore has the advantage of economies of scale. The supermarket has a very high level of production and is therefore able to buy and use

MHE514 Module 2 - Case, Natural Disasters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MHE514 Module 2 - Case, Natural Disasters - Essay Example re ready to provide assistance, but the paranoid rulers of Burma refused to consider any such assistance for its suffering population (Burma Reels as Storm Toll Rises, 2008). Ratnesar 2008, in his article â€Å"Is It Time to Invade Burma?† takes a look at the inadequate response of the rest of the world to the human disaster unfolding in Burma, due to the lack of concern of the ruling Burmese Junta to their sufferings and thereby denying the required and available international aid. In the face of this refusal to accept international aid, which sets a precedent for the rulers of any country to remain indifferent to human suffering, Ratnesar suggests that it is time for the rest of the world to act, through military action by the invasion of Burma, to provide relief for the suffering people. Negotiations to permit the international community, may not succeed with Burma, and hence the need for a more vigorous reaction from the rest of the world. This would have the added benefit that of letting know to rulers with a similar disposition to their citizens as the rulers of Burma that the world would not tolerate human suffering and has options to deal with it (Ratnesar, 2008). Viewed from the moral perspective, the recommendation of the author is justified. There was a human disaster unfolding in Burma, which was many hundred times the disaster that the United States faced in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina (Burma Reels as Storm Toll Rises, 2008). The paranoia of the ruling junta in Burma became an obstacle to international humanitarian aid to reduce the human suffering in Burma (Beech, 2007). This paranoia of the ruling Burmese junta had led to curtailment of movement of international NGOs, such that at the time of this human disaster there was minimal aid infrastructure in the country and hardly any international aid flowing in (Burma Reels as Storm Toll Rises, 2008). Yet, the response of the world community was lukewarm. Pressure on the rulers of Burma to relent

How an organization overcame a public relations crisis Case Study

How an organization overcame a public relations crisis - Case Study Example Johnson & Johnson’s is a very successful company. Its vision focuses on being of service to the community and committing itself to serving their clients. The mission statement is no different. The company seeks to provide its clients with the best possible product and services. According to the company, this must meet safety and ethical regulation. Looking at the Tylenol crisis, the reader will understand just how timely response to company crisis is essential in winning the trust of the consumer. Before the Tylenol Crisis, the product was the most successful over the counter drug in the US. It had over a hundred million users. Through the first 3 quarters of 1982, Tylenol was bringing in about 19 percent of Johnson and Johnson’s profits. The product accounted for 13 percent of the company’s growth in sales and over 33 percent in profits growth per year. In terms of the market share, Tylenol had over 37 percent making it indomitable. The drug outsold four of its closest competitors combined. Later in 1982, for reasons not known to anyone, a presumably unknown person or persons put cyanide-laced capsules in place of Tylenol Extra-Strength capsules and then resealed the packages. The malevolent person(s) then deposited the drugs on shelves of at least six pharmacies or more and popular food stores in Chicago. Seven people died from using the capsules. The media can be damaging to the reputation of any company. In most cases, it may have some alteration, or have interest on one side. While a given piece of information can have different meanings depending on how it is covered, the media will always find the way that the piece attracts as much heat or attention as possible. Concerning Tylenol crisis, the media focused on how a trusted consumer product had brought about deaths of the American citizens. While this is true, the fact is that the company was not to blame for the unfortunate events. The media made a very bad name of the brand that

Power, Politics and Leadership in the Organization

Power, Politics and Leadership in the Organization PMC 140Project Leadership Political Leadership in the Organization Abstract The Outline of the Topic is based on the Power, Politics and Leadership in the Organization. Design The Questionnaires are as follows Why Politics is important in the workplace how much do we play with it to achieve the reputation or position in your organization? What is meant by power in the organization, how it helps to achieve the leadership qualities? What will be the impacts on Leadership Qualities and Leaders especially in their personalitybyplaying politics and having power in the organization? Keywords Leadership qualities, behaviour, politics in workplace. value -The findings of this paper contribute to the understanding of the relationships between leadership, performance, and politics in the workplace and in the public sector in particular. According to the survey from past several Years and according to my belief the word â€Å"Politics† in the organization is creating the hoax to its original term. Power, Politics and Leadership are the three important factors in the workplace that leads to the success in shortcut manner. We will discuss these three factors which has change the scenario of Organizations and leadership qualities. Politics in the organization Organizational Politics involves intentional acts of the influence to enhance or protect the self-interest of the individuals or the groups. It is an unpreventable and basic reality. Workplace politics is a very human phenomenon that tends to arise in organizations with at least one degree of separation between authoritative decisions. Politics need not be nasty some of it can be safe, like perhaps a director is having a good understanding with another director over which team has better performance. This isnt a direct goal laid out by the senior management, but ultimately it can be concluded that a little internal competition between departments would overall improve quality. Corporate politics naturally have something to do with people attempting to move ahead their careers. This sometimes goes against the welfare of the company as a whole, against principles of fairness, and is generally speaking something you usually dont want to be a part of. Sometimes there are overly ambitious but poorly performing managers. They focus on making everyone else look bad at all costs possible to secure their employment and promotions, which bleeds into daily operation. For instance if two game developers are working on the same product from different teams, and if there is a problem, they will engage in long irrelevant work rather than constructive work. Sometimes there will be slight attempts at challenging teams. For example, lets say you are taking over a code base from someone and they intentionally leave out some vital details during the facts transfer. Alternatively they can choose to control on the data, they look in disposable, and hint that you cannot do the job that they used to do. Ultimately, if you do nothing about it, these kinds of people will excavate trenches around you and make you look bad before senior management. Perception is everything in this kind of a nature of politics, and sadly sometimes you have to play this game to survive. Yes some people play the game just for themselves and are dishonest in what they do. These people are the people who get praise for what others did and who will stab you in the back. The best way to keep the bad people from succeeding though is to play the political game yourself. People cant take unmerited praise for what management already knows you did. But if you have good informa tion and want them adopted by the association, if you want to get promoted to the next level, if you want to defend yourself and your status, you need to play the game. Technical people hate this, but it is true. No one can manage to pay for not to be part of the political game at work. It makes you more helpful. (what-does-politics-mean-in-a-corporate-environment, 2012) Impact of Power in the Organization and Achievements in the Leadership Qualities. Let me draw your attention to the interesting thing that Have you ever notice that the Senior Management probably knows more about whats going on at work than you? Power in the workplace can be a delicate thing. Every day, we need to get the people around us to do things. There are many legal things we need others to do: the report youre waiting on from another department or delegating work to those under you in the organization. But the line that defines getting work done from reinforcing your own position is a misty one at best. Thats why you want to be familiar with the various types of power that youre given in theworkplace. Of course, the game of power is a tantalizing one and we cant cover every kind of authority. You have three main sources of power: role power, expert power and relationship power. Lets break down each and give examples of when to use them. Role Power Role power is theauthority that is given based on the element you play at work. Role power is the most direct kind of power; for example, Managers has power over the staff who report to him. While this is the most understandable example, role power doesnt always flow instantly down. You may have extra role power in a specific context, such as leading up a project that gives you success in your work and input from people higher up the food chain than you.These roles are of people whose jobs, in reality end up being much more important than they initially seem on documents. If youre in one of these types of roles, you may have control over valuable projects or information. The obvious way to gain more role power is toget promoted, but there are things you can do to improve in the role you have. Look at the work that makes up your day-to-day job. You can ask to suggest something else that could be done in this area, even if its just creating an excel spreadsheet that looks at some data in a different way. If its necessary to the company, you want to be part of it. Expert power-Expert power is the power that comes from yourskills and information. A lot of the weight you carry at work comes from the quality of your results and the knowledge you bring to the table. Why is it that out of the whole sales team, people in your office pay more respect to the top salesman. Because whatever hes doing, its working. Hes creating results, and that makes people respect his view and listen when he speaks. Think about the experts at your work. You dont know the process, but the knowledge and the results speak for themselves. Bottom line: You pay your respect the people at work who are good at what they do. The good news is that youre continuously increasing your expert power as you continue your workingcareer. All things being equal, we apt to view those whove been doing something for longer as having more smart. Then again, we also look down on those whove done the same thing for years but are stuck in their ways and struggling. Stay dynamic: Learn new skills, learn more about your business and keep bringing new ideas and new results to the table. Relationship power-Relationship power is the authority you have on others based on your relationship with them. Relationship power is anything in your relationship with others that makes them want to do things for you. Of the three kinds of power, relationship power is the easiest to use, as everyone has a craving to get along at work and for things to go smoothly. Even if you dont want to be friends with the people you work with, you still want to get along and get through your days as smoothly as possibly.Relationshipsare the lubricant that keeps the wheels turning smoothly. Its not just about friendship either: Favours done and returned, or even quick replies with needed information when people ask for it can go a long way toward increasing your social power. Being generally helpful and nice is a huge start. You dont need to be an easy target but be relaxed and help others move company projects forward. When one of your co workers does a good job, give them credit for it. Do the occasional favour as long as youwantto do it and arent being walked on. Everyone has problems, and the day may come when you need to call in that favour. If you have extra time in the morning, bring the crew in some coffee and doughnuts one day. Dont forget, actions speak louder than words and your reputation leads you forward. It doesnt need to be a big signal, but a little set down here and there can build up to a healthy bank balance in your social-circle account. Poweris one of the oldest and most elusive games, and there is still no definitive guide to the stuff. Just because power can never be mastered doesnt mean you shouldnt be making it work for you. Start today to carve out some power for yourself. By paying attention to your role, expert and relationship power, you can begin to control your leadership. (the-three-types-of-power-at-work.html) (aqureshi) Impacts on Leadership Qualities and their Personality byplaying politics and having power in the organization According to the Power and Politics I want you to pull your attention on the Impacts on Leadership Qualities and the change in their Personality by playing Bad politics in the workplace. Let me take the illustrative example of how some Boss goes mad through the office. If your boss is not impressed with you, there’s a good chance that your colleagues are feeling it, too and reacting to the negative energy in turn. Anew study suggests that bullying bosses affect not just the victim of their anxiety, but the victim’s co workers as well, making life miserable for an entire group of colleagues. This phenomenon, second hand bullying, may also have an unintentional impact on the company as well, since it can seriously affect employee’s self-esteem and opinion of the company as a whole. The phenomenon known as abusive direction is one of the more dysfunctional types of leadership, they point out, but it’s one that’s gaining more notice as a very real problem in the workplace. Office bullying is defined as subordinates perceptions of the amount to which supervisors engage in the constant display of aggressive verbal and nonverbal behaviours, excluding physical contact. And this type of psychological bullying often goes on much longer than physical abuse, since it’s less understandable but can be more dangerous, leaving long-lasting scars. But as mentioned, abusive supervision doesn’t just affect the person at whom it’s directed it can affect an entire office. Its occurrence can extend to others second hand, as they hear about it or witness it occurring in co workers and friends. And if it spreads to other people, it may be likely to affect employees overall perception of the company they work for and, in true domino effect, this can affect the efficiency of the company itself. In other words, it’s not something to be taken calmly from a social or a business perspective. To these ends, the authors wanted to measure the effects of rude supervision and explicit abusive supervision on employees’ frustration, the likelihood of co worker abuse, which is how supportive employees perceive their company to be. Top management needs further education regarding the potential impacts of sensational abuse supervision on employees to prevent and mitigate the effects of such abuse. They next hope to look at the effects of both types of abusive management on people in other lines of work, and within specific companies. According to the survey and research in the industry and exploring the real life examples of Victims who have suffered a lot in politics in the workplace, I believe that Politics is Good at its certain level to raise you in the terms of Leaders, it’s quality and behaviour, but it’s bad also as when you mess with it in wrong manner. It can bring a person from Rags to Riches or viceversa.So we should often play Politics in the workplace. (Walton, 2013) Bibliography aqureshi. (n.d.). power-politics-and-leadership. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net: http://www.slideshare.net/aqureshi101/5-power-politics-and-leadership the-three-types-of-power-at-work.html. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://ca.askmen.com: http://ca.askmen.com/money/career_300/304_the-three-types-of-power-at-work.html Walton, A. G. (2013, 7 2). http://www.forbes.com/sitesthe-dark-side-of-leadership-the-impact-of-a-bad-boss-can-go-viral-though-the-office/. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com: http://www.forbes.com/sites/alicegwalton/2013/02/07/the-dark-side-of-leadership-the-impact-of-a-bad-boss-can-go-viral-though-the-office/ what-does-politics-mean-in-a-corporate-environment. (2012, 10 3). Retrieved from http://workplace.stackexchange.com: http://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/4288/what-does-politics-mean-in-a-corporate-environment

Embryonic Stem Cell Research Essay -- use of stem cells in regenerativ

Advancements in medical technology has allowed for a new understanding of stem cells and further developments in research. The use of stem cells in regenerative medicine may hold significant benefits for those suffering from degenerative diseases. To avail such advancements in stem cell research could see the alleviation or complete cure of afflictions that take the lives of millions worldwide each year. (McLaren, 2001) A stem cell 1 is able differentiate into any somatic cell found in the human body, including those identical to itself. Differentiation is a cellular process whereby a stem cell will divide into a specialised cell, for example a neuron2. To harness the unique cellular function of a stem cell could mean the cultivation of entirely new organs; saving countless lives and resolving acute organ transplant shortages. (Healey, 2007) Although stem cell research poses a considerable breakthrough in regenerative medicine, it raises serious ethical controversy. A specific type of stem cell used in regenerative research is an embryonic stem (ES) cell; harvested through the destruction of human embryos. (Hurlbut, 2006) This poses a significant ethical dilemma, as ES cells are sourced from pre-implantation embryos leftover from In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF). The destruction of embryos is seen by many as an abuse of human life, an exploitation of those that are living, but cannot decide their own fate. (Masters, 2005) Before ES cell research is to make a positive impact on modern medicine and the global scientific co mmunity, this ethical predicament must first be considered. Embryonic stem cell research will allow for an emerging era of medicine, where researches will be capable of providing a cure for many of todays degene... ...velopment, Monash University, Australia Fuchs, E 2008, Stem Cells: Biology, Ethics and Potential for Medicine, L'annuarie du College de France, France Denker, H 2006, Potentiality of Embryonic Stem Cells: An Ethical Problem Even With Alternative Stem Cell Sources, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany Scott, C 2008, Stem Cells: new frontiers of ethics, law and policy, Stanford University, United States of America Healey, J 2007, Cloning & Stem Cell Research, Volume 265 edn, The Spinney Press, Sydney, Australia Morgan, S 2006, From Microscopes to Stem Cell Research: discovering regenerative medicine, White-Thomson Publishing, Oxford, United Kingdom Dowswell, P 2000, Genetics: the impact on our lives, Hodder & Wayland, London, United Kingdom Maters, C 2005, DNA and your body: what you need to know about biotechnology, UNSW Press, Sydney, Australia

Psychological Basis Of Behavior Essay

Until recently the causes of psychological disorders were not so clearly defined. Then advanced imaging techniques made it possible to see various areas of the brain and pinpoint areas that control behavior. It has been long known that the brain uses chemical messengers called neurotransmitters for signaling during its various processes. Advances in neuromedicine revealed that a lot of neurological and psychological disorders have a basis in imbalances between various neurotransmitters in the brain. Diseases like Parkinson’s, Schizophrenia and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder are only a few where administering drugs that controlled levels of various neurotransmitters in the brain could control the disease symptoms and in some cases even provide a cure. Indeed, it was the discovery of these pharmacological agents that led to the discovery of newer agents that could control various neurological disorders by manipulating levels of neurotransmitters. Development of various drugs for schizophrenia was done on the basis of the fact that they had the ability to block dopamine receptors. In addition it was noticed that there was also an increased number of dopamine receptors present in these patients1. Similarly, in patients who suffered form Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) an abnormality in the neurotransmitter serotonin was implicated and it was shown that drug therapy that did not affect 5-HT receptors was ineffective in the treatment of OCD6. Parkinson’s disease like schizophrenia also is due to an abnormality in dopamine levels but in Parkinson’s dopamine levels become depleted4. Parkinson’s disease is a movement disorder caused by the depletion of dopamine produced in the substantia nigra, a part of the brain that is responsible for voluntary movements of the body11. Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease that affects 1% of the population. Its pathophysiology involves degeneration of substantia nigra. This portion is responsible for movements in the body. Various hypotheses have been proposed concerning the causes of the disease and include genetic factors, environmental factors and viruses. Amongst these genetic factors are considered the most important and mutations in various genes have been identified that are linked to Parkinson’s disease. Genes that have been implicated are PINK-1, DJ-1, and LRRK2 and it is thought that in addition to hereditary viruses and toxins are thought to cause theses mutations4. Parkinson’s disease is characterized by a fine pin-rolling tremor of the hands, rigidity, bradykinesia, an expressionless face called a mask like face and a parkinsonian gait characterized by small steps and reduced swing of the arms. Additional symptoms may be present and include difficulty in chewing and swallowing, depression, fatigue, dementia, speech problems, constipation, urinary problems and orthostatic hypotension7. Symptoms vary from patient to patient and can also have drastic emotional consequences for the patient. Diagnosis is often difficult as there are no tests available and is usually made on history and examination of the nervous system. Various treatment options are available and are mainly aimed at increasing the levels of dopamine in the brain. These include Levodopa, which is a precursor of dopamine and the nerve cells use synthesize dopamine. Other drugs like bromocriptine, apomorphine and pramipexole act by imitating the activity of dopamine4. There is no definitive cure for this disease and the treatment is only symptomatic. Adjuvant therapy may be given to relieve symptoms such as depression. Schizophrenia is another disorder that is caused by an imbalance between dopamine levels. The difference is that high levels of dopamine are found and the disease has mainly psychiatric manifestations. The cause of schizophrenia still remains unknown and this has been hampered largely by the different subtypes of the disease presenting a large variety of symptoms and involving different areas of the brain. It is also a feature of diseases like Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s disease9. Schizophrenia is characterized by auditory and visual hallucinations, delusions in which the patient thinks that his thoughts are being controlled externally and paranoid behavior believing someone is poisoning him, disorders of movement, cognitive dysfunction and emotional symptoms such as lack of interest in surroundings and social withdrawal2. Newer research has suggested that people with schizophrenia may experience an inability to smell certain items suggesting a disorder in the orbitofrontal region of the brain and surprisingly this sensory deficit has also been found in patients with Parkinson’s disease10. Other studies indicate that abnormalities in the amygdalia a region of the brain dealing with psychological processes may cause schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders8. Though the cause is still doubtful it has been seen that schizophrenia runs in families thus suggesting a genetic factor. Environmental factors and trauma during birth have also been suggested as causative factors. In the past agents used to treat schizophrenia like chlorpromazine and haloperidol blocked both D1 and D2 receptors and caused extra pyramidal side effects2. But the newer agents like clozapine have a high affinity for D1 receptors and thus do not cause unwanted extrapyramidal side effects. Other agents that have fewer side effects are risperidone and olanzepine and are very effective in controlling symptoms. All of these agents act by reducing levels of dopamine in the brain thus enabling the control of symptoms. The genetic predisposition to schizophrenia is now widely known. Family history of mental ailments such as schizoaffective disorders, bipolar disorders and depression, are a very strong indication and predisposition to developing schizophrenia. However, complex researches in the pattern of schizophrenic disorders among monozygotic twins have not been able to establish the full authenticity of the claim. The scientists claim that schizophrenia has been associated with the â€Å"shy gene† or 5-HTT gene. Currently, having a schizophrenic geneticity is only the first link; further development is dependant on other factors as well. (Schizophrenia. com, 2007)12 Many claim that there exists a link between schizophrenia and the environment. This is based on the fact that increased risk of schizophrenia within families cannot be singly attributed to the cause of it alone. The environmental factors that are thought to play an important role in causing schizophrenia include psychosocial, biological and physical factors, which are in effect from birth till maturity. It is now claimed that the interaction of the genetic and the social or environmental factors are very important in the development of disease in schizophrenic patients. (Tsuang, 2001) Many of the environmental effects that come into play do so in preterm and in early childhood. The highest contribution seems to be the state of labor, for example, hypoxia, CNS damage RH incompatibility of the mother and child etc. Also, other prenatal factors may include maternal depression, bereavement and flood and famine. Rubella infections and infections of the CNS are also thought to play a very important role in the development of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia. com, 2007)12 Obsessive-compulsive disorder is another psychiatric disorder that has at its cause an imbalance between neurotransmitters. In this case the neurotransmitter is serotonin. The areas of the brain thought to be involved in this disorder are the basal ganglia and the frontal lobe6. People with OCD have obsessional thoughts and t he compulsion to carry out those thoughts repeatedly3. Patients often have an awareness of their abnormal thought patterns and are distressed by them but are unable to control them. Common symptoms are patients exhibiting rituals and having unwanted thoughts and behavior patterns. Patients may have unwanted thoughts of a fear of germs or hurting someone called an obsession and compulsions are the acts of carrying out those obsessional thoughts like repeatedly washing and cleaning or repeatedly counting or checking things over and over again3. Sometimes it manifests in conjunction with other psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia and depression. It often resolves when these disorders are treated. It has also been seen with diseases like Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s chorea6. This disorder usually starts in adolescence and the patient is usually aware that he has some psychiatric ailment. The etiology is uncertain but Obsessive-compulsive disorder also has a genetic component. Though environmental factors are also a major cause, head trauma has also been implicated in certain cases6. Various treatment options are available including behavioral therapy. Drugs called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors act by delaying the uptake of serotonin into the neuron and thus prolonging it’s action. This controls the deficiency of serotonin thought to be involved in causing obsessional symptoms. Drugs that are being used include fluoxetine, sertraline, fluvoxamine, paroxetine and clomipramine. Drug therapy used to treat other anxiety disorders is not effective in obsessive-compulsive disorder since it may not target the 5-HT receptors that are used by serotonin. Adams et al (2005)14 reported an up-regulation of serotonin receptors in caudate nuclei of OCD patients. Administration of SSRI drugs was tested in OCD patients. When untreated patients were compared with healthy normal individuals, it was found that cerebral 5-HT (2A) receptors binding were high in these patients. However, this difference was diminished when SSRI drug was administered to the patients. Different studies have reported that 5-HT reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) are most successful in treatment of OCD (Mansari & Blier, 2006). This suggests serotonin depletion may be a vital cause of this disease. Normally, serotonin is actively involved in moderating flow of messages from orbital frontal cortex to thalamus via caudate nucleus. Various pharmacological studies have suggested 5-HT concentration in OFC is regulated by 5HT2 like receptors. SRI drugs modify 5-HT receptors regulation of serotonin and hence mostly used in treatment of OCD (Mansari & Blier, 2006)15. Delgado and Moreno (1998)16 also reported that these drugs binding potency is related to hallucinogens. Pitterger et al (2006) reported that drugs that reduce elevated glutamate levels in brain might be effective in treatment of OCD. Pitterger et al (2006)17 suggested antiglutamatergic agent riluzole (Rilutek) play vital role in reducing glutamate hyperactivity in the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuitry. Conclusion Overall a link has been found among various mental illnesses. This is evident by the fact that obsessive-compulsive disorder may be present in people who already have Schizophrenia or Parkinson’s disease. This overlap suggests that similar areas of the brain are involved in the etiology of these diseases and also that similar neurotransmitters may also be involved. Also interesting is the similarity in the deficiency in the sense of smell in both Parkinson’s and schizophrenia. As research progresses and advanced neuroimaging techniques become available it will become possible to interlink these diseases to one another. Special areas of interest may be the basal ganglia and the amygdalia as they are seen involved in a variety of neurological disorders. Parkinson’s disease is a neurological disease, having a progressive nature. There are certain peculiar signs and symptoms that a Parkinson patient presents with; these include tremor, rigidity, akinesia or bradykinesia. Etiologically, Parkinson’s disease is found in 1% of the population above 60 years of age. The ratio increases in people above 70 years of age. Although, also found in women, predominantly affects male gender. The role of environment in causing Parkinsonism is worth mentioning. Carbon mono-oxide and manganese, apart from certain pesticides play the major role in causing the disease. Parkinsonism among old aged people is idiopathic, but familial inheritance can be possible. A lot is not known about the role of genetics and inheritance of this disease, but occurrence in younger ages carries a higher probability of familial inheritance. It has been found that schizophrenia and Parkinson disease may share similarity by showing dysfunction of the prefrontal cortical areas of the brain. Also, both these conditions are the result or excess of deficiency of the levels of dopamine, which in turn dictates the treatment plan for such conditions. Similarly, patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease may show the presence of obsessive compulsive disorders, and the severity depends upon the length of the disease progression. The relation between these three conditions presenting in close relation with each other raise many questions about the progress of each disease, and whether treatments of each condition contain treatments for others as well. (Maia, 2003)13