Public Health Comparison Essay

America is a nation based on majority rule government, balance, and fundamental consideration for all residents. The Department of Health and Human and nearby offices under its course, work to ensure, and care for people in general. By forestalling scourges, securing against natural perils, advancing sound practices, gathering factual information, and numerous different assets, general wellbeing guarantees that the legislature maintains the necessities of its residents. General wellbeing has a longstanding history that has developed after some time to meet the regularly evolving condition, the development of innovation and the developing populace. Though general wellbeing keeps up the requirements of the populace everywhere, network wellbeing focuses on the vulnerabilities and requests of specific network. Assets The nearby general wellbeing offices in this authors’ country territory incorporates seven districts. Administrations incorporate clinical help, network wellbeing, instructive occasions, youth programs, the study of disease transmission reconnaissance, home wellbeing, arranging and fiasco readiness, and school wellbeing (Lincoln Trial District Health Department, 2014). All the more explicitly, by offering administrations, for example, disease screening, WIC programs, despondency guiding, and numerous others, the general wellbeing division bolsters the objective of keeping up the prosperity of people in general. The Department of Health and Human assets is the national general wellbeing administrative division that keeps up general wellbeing. â€Å"The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is the United States government’s head office for securing the strength all things considered and offering basic human types of assistance, particularly for the individuals who are least ready to help themselves† (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2014, para. 1). The HHS works with nearby and state wellbeing offices to find financing, offer types of assistance, gather information, and advance science through exploration to guarantee that constituents of America have the social, mental, and physical clinical needs paying little heed to their social standing. History of Public Health â€Å"The strategic general wellbeing has its underlying foundations in the mid-nineteenth century, when doctors, lodging reformers, advocates for poor people, and researchers prepared in new methods of science and structural building met up to battle issues becoming out of urbanization, industrialization, and huge scope movement. This alliance changed the nation’s economy and condition, and, thus, its wellbeing. High demise rates and epidemic had since quite a while ago influenced rich and poor networks alike† (Fairchild, Rosner, Colgrove, Bayer, and Fried, 2010, p. 54). The article portrays America’s wellbeing disintegration by the mid-nineteenth century from episodes, for example, smallpox, cholera, typhoid, yellow fever, and different intestinal diseases. The poor were regularly accused for these scourges, in this way the split between social classes developed. In 1940, the American Public Health Association amended a code of administrations that general wellbeing divisions were to give. They were: â€Å"collecting information on essential measurements; controlling transmittable sicknesses by means of strategies, for example, episode examinations; contact following; accomplice notices, and (once in a while) disengagement and isolate; guaranteeing ecological sanitation; giving lab administrations to the finding of ailments by private specialists, medical clinics, and different clinicians; offering maternal, newborn child, and kid wellbeing administrations; and giving education† (Fairchild, Rosner, Colgrove, Bayer, and Fried, 2010, p. 57). Following this time, general wellbeing has encountered change and change that proceeds right up 'til the present time. From social medication to current troubling financial conditions, general wellbeing, albeit profoundly established in prosperity and practices that help it, despite everything battles between social requests, political resistance, and corporate specifications. General wellbeing continues keeping up its fundamental beliefs. Regardless of what adjustments general wellbeing may experience, appraisal, strategy improvement and affirmation keep on serving the oppressed or those out of luck. Difference Between Public and Community Health As indicated by Stanhope and Lancaster (2012), â€Å"Public wellbeing has been characterized and portrays as a framework and social venture; a calling; an assortment of strategies, information, and methods; legislative wellbeing administrations, particularly clinical consideration for poor people and underserved; and the wellbeing status of the public† (p. 243). All things considered, general wellbeing includes people in general on a national or worldwide level by ensuring the psychological, physical, and social prosperity of individuals. For example, the World Health Organization (WHO) was presented on April 7, 1948. â€Å"The center elements of WHO are as per the following: †¢providing administration on issues basic to wellbeing and taking part in associations where joint activity is required; †¢shaping the exploration plan and invigorating the age, interpretation and scattering of significant information; †¢setting standards and gauges and advancing and checking their usage; †¢articulating moral and proof based strategy choices; †¢providing specialized help, catalyzing change, and building manageable institutional limit; and †¢monitoring the wellbeing circumstance and surveying wellbeing trends† (World Health Organization, 2014, para. 1) Network wellbeing under the umbrella of general wellbeing focuses on a populace in a specific zone. As indicated by Stanhope and Lancaster (2008), the WHO characterizes network as, â€Å"A people group is a social gathering dictated by geographic limits, regular qualities and interests† (p. 342). Network wellbeing concentrates its endeavors of evaluation, strategy improvement, and confirmation on nearby populace, of which have differed necessities and vulnerabilities. Assets for a particular network might be unique in relation to assets for another network, so the center elements of network wellbeing must be customized to fit every individual zone. Taking everything into account, general wellbeing guarantees the psychological, physical, and social government assistance of which individuals are entitled. Network wellbeing focuses its endeavors on the individuals of a topographical territory. As the requirements of the region and a network change, general wellbeing must keep up their administrations to satisfy needs. Americans have the open door through general wellbeing to utilize the assets available to them to continue a sound way of life. References Fairchild, A., Rosner, D., Colgrove, J., Bayer, R., and Fried, L. (2010). The EXODUS of general wellbeing. What history can educate us concerning what's to come? American Journal of Public Health, 100(1), 54-63. Lincoln Trial District Health Department. (2014). Our administrations. Recovered from http://www.ltdhd.ky.gov Stanhope, M., and Lancaster, J. (2012). General wellbeing nursing; Population-focused medicinal services in the network (eighth ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier. U.S. Division of Health and Human Services. (2014). About HHS. Recovered from http://www.hhs.gov World Health Organization. (2014). The job of WHO in general wellbeing. Recovered from http://www.who.int

Tuesdays with Morrie essays

Tuesdays with Morrie expositions In Mitch Alboms book Tuesdays with Morrie, Morrie instructs Mitch to take some time from his bustling life to appreciate, love, and love what he has around him. On Tuesdays, Professor Morrie Schwartz showed a class at Brandeis University; Mitch was one of his understudies. Mitch cherished Morries classes and remained late after class just to converse with his educator. On graduation day, he guaranteed Morrie that he would keep in contact. As years passed by Mitch turned into an effective paper sports feature writer and communicate columnist. He got used to taking care of calls, faxes, interviews, even while he was driving his vehicle. Mitch likewise has a brilliant spouse and a pleasant home, and a sibling he has not conversed with in years. Life for Mitch is loaded with cutoff times and continually moving quick; it is the main life he knows. One night, following a bustling day of work, Mitch plunks down to sit in front of the TV. While channel riding he gets a brief look at Nightline with Ted Kopel who was talking with his old educator Morrie Schwartz. Morrie is revealing to Ted that he has Lou Gehrigs sickness and that he is figuring out how amazing. Sixteen years have gone since Mitch has seen him and chooses to go for a little while. When Mitch pulled up before Morries, which coincidentally was a Tuesday, he could see Morrie sitting in a wheel seat hanging tight for him. After their first get-together, Mitch and Morrie choose to meet normally every Tuesday to discuss Morries significance of life: family, feelings, cash, marriage, our way of life, dread of maturing. Consistently Mitch brings Morrie food to eat, however as Morries condition declines he is not, at this point ready to appreciate strong food. On every Tuesday visit with Morrie his condition creases to be declining. In his first meeting with Ted Kopel he concedes his most exceedingly terrible dread of having this illness and that isn't having the option to wipe himself in the wake of utilizing the washroom. In the end, this dread works out as expected. As time went on he was unable to take care of him... <! Tuesdays with Morrie papers Mitch Albom's Tuesdays with Morrie catches the association between a man and his school teacher, Morrie Schwartz. Morrie is a resigned teacher of human science at Brandeis University who was once one of Mitch's most regarded instructors. This truthful story delineates the revived connection between the educator and his understudy. Despite the fact that he is gradually dieing, Morrie is depicted as a man who strived to live to its fullest. This story portrays the phenomenal obligation of comradeship that had once fallen wayside for a long time, yet was reenergized at a pivotal time of both Morries and Mitchs lives. At the point when the Professor discovered that he had next to no time left on this planet, since he was harrowed with the lethal ailment, amyotrophic sidelong sclerosis (ALS), otherwise called Lou Gehrigs ailment, Morrie started to show his last class, only to Mitch, entitled Life's Greatest Lesson. All through the most recent fourteen weeks of Morries life, Mitch met with his old teacher each Tuesday, similarly as he had done during his school years, so as to learn and see the entirety of the bits of knowledge and exercises of life that Morrie brought to the table. These week by week social occasions comprised of both a talk and lunch. During these gatherings the two had conversations on everything from our conveyance into the world up until our inevitable downfall. They thought about the way toward biting the dust, and living with kicking the bucket. ...Actually, Mitch, he stated, when you figure out how beyond words, figure out how to live... Be that as it may, everybody knows somebody who has passed on. For what reason is it so difficult to think about kicking the bucket? Since, Morrie proceeded, the vast majority of us stroll around as though were sleepwalking...when you understand you are going to kick the bucket, you see everything much in an unexpected way... As a volunteer fireman for the last eight and a half long stretches of my life, Tuesday's with Morrie influenced me by and by in one specific manner. Beca ... <! Tuesdays with Morrie papers Tuesdays with Morrie, composed by Mitch Albom is an account of the affection between a man and his school teacher, Morrie Schwartz. This genuine story catches the sympathy and astuteness of a man who just knew great in his heart. A man who carried on with his life to the fullest up until the absolute final gasp of his joyfully satisfied life. It is an account of an extraordinary obligation of fellowship that was lost for a long time, however always remembered and essentially got again at a significant time of both Morries and Mitchs lives. When Morrie discovered that he had just a couple of months to live with the savage sickness of amyotrophic parallel sclerosis (ALS), otherwise called Lou Gehrigs infection, Morrie started the last class of his existence with Mitch lifes most prominent exercise. All through the most recent fourteen weeks of Morries life, Mitch met with him each Tuesday to learn and see the entirety of the shrewdness and exercises of life that were inside Morrie. The week by week schedule comprised of lunch and talk. These gatherings remembered conversations for everything from the world when you enter it to the world when you bid farewell. From the relationship that these men had with each, an affection is uncovered like no other love looks like. This is an affection for kinship and of regard. Such a bond between individuals is hard to accomplish. Their relationship comprises of an unembarrassed love that is continually present. Morrie Schwartz was a man of extraordinary shrewdness who cherished and appreciated to see and experience a straightforwardness of life, something past lifes generally testing and unanswered puzzles. From Morrie, we discover that life is most cheerfully experienced when delighted in and satisfied to its most noteworthy capacity. Morrie shares this with Mitch in the most recent days of his life and these incredible exercises will be conveyed and polished for the duration of Mitchs life. What I discovered that was new for me- ... <! Tuesdays with morrie articles Mitch Alboms book Tuesdays with Morrie, was exceptionally successful in truly causing you to feel for Morrie. I was exceptionally moved by the way that he introduced Morrie. I think it was a very elegantly composed book. The book hopped from past to introduce, indicating how Mitch changed over the sixteen years. In each section, I accept, Mitch Albom utilized an alternate composing approach. On the Fourth Tuesday he utilized definition to discuss Death. They each characterized demise as they would like to think. When you figure out how incredible, figure out how to live. Morrie says this to Mitch a couple of times in the part. Morrie said it to Mitch, so Mitch will make every moment count. On the Seventh Tuesday he utilizes portrayal to discuss the dread of maturing. At seventy-eight, he was giving as a grown-up and taking as a kid. Mitch says this regarding Morrie clarifying how he went from having the option to do things himself to relying upon others. A portion of these things are as basic as picking up the phone to confounded things like heading off to the restroom. On the Eighth Tuesday they examined cash. Mitch utilizes guides to clarify their conversation. We put our qualities in an inappropriate things. What's more, it prompts exceptionally baffled lives. Morrie says this alluding to how cash can not get you everything. It is smarter to accomplish something you love and get less cash-flow, than it is to get more cash-flow dislike what you are doing. Tuesdays with Morrie was an extremely dismal book that managed demise. A great many people dread demise, however not Morrie. Morrie acknowledged the way that he was going to bite the dust, and lived ordinarily as though it was his last. Mitch Albom worked admirably in safeguarding the memory of Morrie. I was profoundly contacted with the quality Morrie had. ... <! Tuesdays with Morrie papers Do every great book that start with an inquiry, end with a clarification? Or on the other hand does attempting to top a clarification on to the finish of a story deny the peruser from having the option to apply it to their own life. Do you ever have that question in the rear of your psyche? What does my life mean? Sure you have you state, however Im not talking about the inquiry as you would generally experience it. Its New Years Eve and you and your family, aunties, uncles, and cousins are accumulated around the fire recounting stories. Also that person from over the road that swears hes identified with you, you know, the one whose face looks generally natural to you confronting the refrigerator. The person who appears to have two of similar shirts, that he doesnt mind wearing each of the seven days of the week. You have this warm inclination in the pit of your stomach, which lets you know youre either excessively near the fire or your life is missing something. This year your goals must be important, it needs to last you at any rate until March. Would it be buzzword to state that you needed to live each day without limit, and would that add the significance to your life, that you are so urgently absent? Can we truly as people set a limit for something as perplexing as life, by setting up limits? Or on the other hand is life surrendered over to each individual to decide the significance for themselves? When considering life, what rings a bell. Theres an expression that goes no one can really tell what you have till youve lost it. What comes after life? Does demise in the physical sense achieve the finish of life? This book, this man, draw out into the open that life isn't in every case simply physical. Morrie has gave me that on the off chance that you can find that harmony in your spirit, that satisfaction that life can in any case be acceptable, regardless of whether you cannot get up do the regular physical things. Its interesting how God consistently takes what may appear to be an awful thing and transform it into a l ... <! Tuesdays with Morrie papers Tuesdays with Morrie An elderly person, a youngster, and lifes most prominent exercise At the outset he was only a teacher, and afterward that educator turned into an extraordinary case of life that could be followed effectively by any individual who needs to be better and who needs to think about the genuine reason for our lives. Tuesdays with Morrie could be only one more book in our life, however now its a direction of an extraordinary educator that transformed ourselves through models

MITs Once-a-Century Party

MIT’s Once-a-Century Party If you were in Boston sometime these past few nights and glanced towards MIT, youd be forgiven for thinking that Killian Court had been transformed into a huge sports stadium, with gigantic spotlights emanating from the Great Dome and swiveling around the sky.  Turns out they were just rehearsing the lights for MITs 100-year-anniversary of its move to Cambridge an event named Moving Day. Not exactly the most imaginative name, but boy does MIT know how to throw a party Im told the weekend was a $10+ million event.  Its not every Saturday night that you get to see the Mens Et Manus seal come to life with the two characters on the seal playfully arguing about the merits of theory vs. practice: or giant bobblehead figures of esteemed MIT alumni brawling in a fistfight (I believe thats Feynman trying to knock out Packard): or President Reif taking a selfie (Reif-ie?) with the MIT seal: or more spectacular fireworks than July 4th: or a fantastic showcase of the various arts and performance groups at MIT: Heres another view of the spotlights on Lobby 10: and of course, after the pageant there were 5 giant tent parties around campus, each themed for a certain decade and most featuring open bars: And let this forever put to rest the notion that MIT doesnt know how to party.

Midwest Lightening Inc. Case Essay - 610 Words

Midwest Lighting, Inc. Case Company Description * In 2005, the profit was approximately ($144,000 / $5,500,000) 2.6% of sales; does this number indicate whether the company is doing well or not? * I like how this company’s strategic position is to offer products, lighting fixtures, to specifically meet the needs of their customers; they have identified their target consumers and have strategically positioned and marketed themselves accordingly * It’s interesting that Midwest Lighting, Inc. owns and operates every aspect of their product line; they can control the quality of their products better if they have direct access to their resources of production * Midwest Lighting, Inc. conveys the same message as Dr. Becherer:†¦show more content†¦ting that Peterson has a business relationship with his accountant more than just relating to accounting (as stated in class is important) * It is important for Scott to have experience in different aspects of the business so that he can make well ju dged decisions; without experience and knowledge, the likelihood of running down a company is high * This case shows how hard it is for two people to work together for a common goal and vision when they are not on the same page; if Scott trusted and had confidence in Peterson they could succeed as a team * It is always important to know the value, strengths, and weaknesses, of a company to make proper assessments Valuing the Company * As said in class, it is important to make and keep good relationships with banks and bankers because they could make or break a company at some point * It is important to know the proper technique and method of valuing a company because different people may have different ways of assessing the value; it is also important in understanding the bank’s method of appraising and valuing a company or business Personal Financial Considerations * It all comes down to how important the business is to the individual and how badly they want to pursue the opportunity to determine if they will do whatever it takes to acquire the company; if there is no risk, then no reward but the risk and reward is unique determined by each individual * It is important to know theShow MoreRelatedDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesImages, Inc. Cover Design: Suzanne Duda Lead Media Project Manager: Denise Vaughn Full-Service Project Management: Sharon Anderson/BookMasters, Inc. Composition: Integra Software Services Printer/Binder: Edwards Brothers Cover Printer: Coral Graphics Text Font: 10/12 Weidemann-Book Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2011, 2007, 2005, 2002, 1998 Pearson Education, Inc., publishingRead MoreCrossing the Chasm76808 Words   |  308 PagesInternet. But the overwhelming bulk of the changes in this new edition—representing about a third of total text—simply swap out the original examples from the 1980s with new ones from the 1990s. Surprisingly, in the majority of cases this swap works very well. But in other cases, there’s been a little forcefitting, and I want to beg your indulgence up front. The world has changed. The high-tech community is now crossing the chasm intentionally rather than unintentionally, and there are now competitorsRead MoreThe Five Dysfunctions of a Team a Leadership Fable46009 Words   |  185 Pageswritten permission of the publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600, or on the Web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, 201-748-6011, fax 201-748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer

Acting Analysis - 1702 Words

European colonisers rationalized their financial establishment in foreign countries to conceal their strategies of increasing power. It is put in deeper perspective by critic Noam Chomsky: â€Å"The mindset is barbarian sort of backward inferior; and for their own benefit we have to uplift them and civilise them and educate them and so on. The psychology behind it is kind of transparent.† In that sense, the worst crime was the crime of ignorance. The main characters in Death and the King’s Horseman are haunted in their conflict to find themselves among radical changes of the face of their culture. There is no such thing as a smooth ride to equality in Africa. Though, when a limited freedom becomes available it seems that most people would†¦show more content†¦It proves that interference is not equal to a complete transformation of traditional values and habits. Olunde’s views of the colonisers are clear in an exposed conversation with Mrs. Pilkings: â€Å"You white races know how to survive; I have seen proof of that. By all logical and natural laws this war should end with all the white races wiping out one another, wiping out their so-called civilisation for all time and reverting to a state of primitivism the like of which has so far only existed in your imagination when you thought of us. I thought all that in the beginning. Then I slowly realised that your greatest art is the art of survival.† Styles recognises that he has little left of him as an individual whilst acting in front of his supervisor. It can be suggested that his desire to be an individual is evidence that he has adapted the foreign conformist role. African culture is more built around families, respect. For example, when his parents detest of his new profession he refuses to compromise with them, and follows his own ambitions. He reaches an emotional breaking point, which provoked his feelings. â€Å"I took a good look at my life. What did I see? A bloody circus monkey!† His rebellious character does show when he mistranslate the words of Mr. Bradley. Styles interpreted his message between the words; of what he thought is being said rather the exact. â€Å"Gentlemen, he says we mustShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Sanford Meisner On Acting1041 Words   |  5 PagesIn his book Sanford Meisner On Acting, Meisner teaches students in his class the techniques needed in acting. The book is written in a way t hat is enjoyable to the reader because it is written in third person, where an observer writes about what occurred in the class among Meisner and his students. In the book, Meisner teaches the students about the importance of being genuine; they should stop pretending and they should stop being polite. They should rather just do what feels genuine to them. 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Vietnamese Culture Evaluation Free Essays

Assement 1 (1000 words): Discusss the key dimensions of national culture in your domicile (home) country using the frameworks of Hofstede (2001) including: Power Distance; Uncertainty avoidance; Individualism/ Collectivism; Masculinity/ femininity; long term orientation. Introduction In the â€Å"flat† world today, opening a business on abroad will be easier than before (Friedman, 2005). The manager from other countries will need to face with other culture aspect that they never met before. We will write a custom essay sample on Vietnamese Culture Evaluation or any similar topic only for you Order Now In order to solve this problem, Hofstede’s dimensions (1970) suggested that his model with 5 dimensions: Power Distance, Uncertain Avoidance Individualism/ collectivism, Masculinity/ femininity, Long-term orientation, which refer to any culture on the globe, and Vietnam in this case. For this essay requirement, the Power Distance and Long-term Orientation will be discussed in this essay, how it is effective on this constructed in international business management as well as the disadvantage of Hofstede’s module. Hofstede’s module suggests that national culture can be influence behaviour and management in workplace. His research suggested that differences of behaviour are accounted for nationality and national culture determinants. In addition, understanding the cultural differences could be done by drawing on these dimensions. Hofstede stated that there are many national differences in work-related values, beliefs, norms and self-descriptions and societal variables, could be explained in five key dimensions of national culture. Power Distance Power distance score of Vietnam was given a high value of 70 by Hofstede’s study(2013) as mesuased by the scores in his 1970s IBM internal cultural test system, in which describe power distance as dealing with the need of a society for independence versus interdependence. In other research which is carried out by McCleland suggests that the need for power is to have influences over others and tend to be gained more privilege than other. Additionally, Individuals with high power distance will tend to achieve target or choose a job which responsibility, feedback and a medium percentage of risk. Hofstede (1984) also suggested that in a high power distance score, Vietnam in this case, he/she is more likely to accept unequal distributions of power. It could be take away power, control mechanism or decision making, but they will easy accept this situation in higher power distance rather than lower one. However, economic system and environment are needed to take in to account as others factors which might have strongly influence power distance. In a research is carried out by Hoang (2008),a researcher from Capabella, USA, within 20 managers who are Vietnamese gave us a differences result. The research was pointed out that the managers get lower score in Power Distance, who tend be cooperate with the lower staff rather than made their decision on their own. Long-term Orientation. In Vietnamese culture, modest is highly evaluated (Te, H. D. , 1987; Cao, X. H. , 1999). In another hand, Hofstede also claimed that Vietnam got a high score on Long-term Orientation, which was influenced by Confucius, who emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. Thus, society shows a pragmatic future-oriented perspective rather than a conventional historical short-term point of view ( Hofstede, 2001). It means that the Longterm Orientation is a result to develop this high score of Power Distance in Vietnam. In Hofstede website, he also claimed that Vietnam score is 80, that making it is long-term orientation. In different words, Vietnam, is a country, who believed in pragmatism, where achieving goal a task and getting virtue is prioritized. As a result, the manager can aware that the employees push their adaption up to limit if it is the requirement of the job and sometimes, working for money mind not top goal for the bread-maker. Respect from employers, peers or colleagues (Tatum, 1997 quoted by Harvery and Allard, 2009) is all so an reward for them. Despite the fact that Hofstede model is most famous theory in human resource in manager, there are some critics on it. According to Mc Sweenry (2002), Hofstede’s module was assumed that national culture is equal with company culture as well as put the Confucian Dynamism on the top of the table in his research. In Vietnamese context, beside the Confucian, Buddhism is needed to be taking in to account as well. Back in 1000 years ago, when Ly Dynasty chooses Hanoi the capital of Van Xuan, old name of Vietnam, Buddhism was become the national religious (Tran, 1997;Phan, 1992 ) until Nguyen Dynasty in 18th century. In additional, Ly Dynasty also introduced the teaching of 3 regilous: Buddhism, Confucian, Taoism at the same times in the past. This philosophy is still now alive and can be known in other name is Cao Dai religious with 3 million fellows. So Vietnam culture and behaviour will depended on religious rather than Confucian only. Conclusion. Vietnam is a developing country where is people are open-minded and easy to cooperate with other people and Money –oriented people mind be the minority, due to the reason that, the long-term goal for respect and job security is their goal of life. Two dimensions linking could be seen in the Hofstede’s module where the score of Power Distance and Long-term Orientation are 70 and 80 receptively. However, the Hofstede’s module may be still lack of evaluation in particular situation like Vietnamese behaviour in foreign countries or the over-evaluation of Hofstede on Confucian must be reviewed. From manager point of view, Hofstede’s module is still an initial step to start with. References: 1. Cao, Xuan Hao, 1999. Contributions of linguistic researches to the understanding of Vietnamese thought and Vietnamese culture 2. Confucius, a bibiography http://www. confucius. org/lunyu/edbio. htm 3. Hofstede,G. , cited in Minkov,M. , The evolution of Hofstede’s doctrine, P. 11 4. Phan, H. C. , 1992. L? ch Tri? u Hi? n Chuong Lo? i Chi (Records on Administrative Systems of Successive Dynasties). Vols. 1-2-3. Trans. by Vi? n S? H? c Vi? t Nam. Ha N? i: Khoa H? c Xa H? i Press. 5. Te, Huynh Dinh, 1987 Introduction to Vietnamese Culture. 6. Tran, Q. V. , 1997 Tim hieu van hoa dan gian Hanoi (Understanding folk culture of Hanoi). 7. Hoang. H. , 2008, Culure and Management: A study of Vietnamese cultural influences on management style. Capella University, USA Department of Business Management HRM subject group Avoiding academic irregularity: plagiarism/ghost-writing checklist * coursework submission cover sheet Before you submit coursework, in accordance with University regulations, you should be able to confirm that the coursework that you are submitting is your own original work and that you have: read and understood the guidance on academic irregularity and plagiarism in the module handbook; * clearly referenced, both within the text and on the end reference page/s, all sources used in the work; * based your work on academic sources from academic search engines such as the American Business Index (ABI). Student sources should not be used. * used inverted comma s and the full reference details (including page numbers) for all text quoted from books, journals, web-based other sources; * provided the sources for all data in tables and figures that are not your own work; not made use of the work of any other student(s) past or present without acknowledgement. This includes any of your own work that has been previously, or concurrently, submitted for assessment, either at this or any other educational institution, including school; * not sought or used the services of any professional agencies such as ghost writers or other individuals, to produce this work; * retained all the material collected in the process of developing your coursework; and * in addition, you understand that any false claim in respect of this work may result in disciplinary action in accordance with University regulations. Remember, the Learning Development Centre offers advice on academic writing. Please tick to confirm that you have observed the points above in your coursework and submit a signed copy of this complete form (2 pages) with your coursework submission. Name| | Matriculation Number| | Degree Programme| | Module Title| | Module/Seminar Tutor| | Date| | This is my own original work; it has not been submitted elsewhere in fulfilment of the requirements of this or any other award. Signed †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦| How to cite Vietnamese Culture Evaluation, Papers

Mary Rowlandson Essay Example For Students

Mary Rowlandson Essay Mary Rowlanrsons Puritan beliefs help her endure her captivity, which lasts eleven weeks, at the hands of the Wampanoag Indians. These beliefs, are often referred as tenets, reflect the fanatical belief of the Puritans that they are gods chosen people. Rowlandson watches firsthand the horror of the Indian attack on her town and the killing that takes place on both sides during which she receives a bullet wound in her side (Rowlandson 299). She is taken captive and decides that god will see her through these hard times and test her faith in him (Rowlandson 299). During her captivity she mentally endures separation from her remaining family and friends, the death of her child at the hands of the Wampanoag Indians, and the degradation of her treatment as a slave by the people she considers to be children of the devil (Rowlandson 299,303,305,313) . Her belief in the Puritan way of life helps her maintain her sanity during these trying times. Two tenets in particular are evident during th ese long hard weeks. They are typology and Satan on earth (Miller 6). Throughout her diary she refers to these tenets among others as she describes her trials in captivity at the hands of the Indians. Typology refers to the Puritans taking recent events and relating them to events that took place in early scripture (Miller 6). The Puritans believe that they are gods newly chosen people and the events in their lives prove this by taking them down the same road as the Israelites in early scripture (Miller 6). Typology appears during the Indian attack in the beginning of the diary. One person out of the thirty seven people in one house escapes and Mary exclaims, ?And I only am escaped alone to tell the News? (Job 1.15, Rowlandson 300) which refers to the suffering a survivor endures from an attack. She assumes the survivor is despondent knowing that he alone survives the Indian attack. During the third remove she finds herself among a large number of Indians which causes her to make another statement that was a comparison made between her and David (Rowlandson 302). She appears to find it extremely difficult to imagine the Indians as civilized and living in communities of their own ( Rowlandson 308). It seems easier for her mind to accept that they are savages and band together only at the devils will to attack gods chosen people (Rowlandson 309). In the fifth remove she states ? Oh that my people had hearkened to me, and Israel had walked in my ways, I should soon have subdued their enemies, and turned my hand against their adversaries? (Psalm 81.13-14, Rowlandson 306). Throughout the diary she appears to believe that the primary reason for the Indians success is to punish the Puritans for not living the life god wants them to live and that god is apparently testing her belief by showing her the similarities of the Israelites plights and her own . Once she becomes aware of these similarities, the trials or ordeals become easier for her to deal with because she is familiar with the testament and believes that in the end she will triumph, as the chosen people triumphed, if she places herself in gods hands (Rowlandson 304).Satan on earth refers to the Puritan beli ef that they are gods chosen people in a new Promised Land and that the Indians are the children of the devil put there to test the Puritans faith (Miller 6). Mary Rowlandsons perception is the Puritans are living a devout life while the devil uses the Indians to tempt and corrupt the Puritans (Miller 6). In the initial attack she refers to them as bloody heathens alluding to their apparent bloodlust as they attack and plunder her town (Rowlandson299). The Indians reinforce the fact that they are, in her eyes, the devil on earth by their ritual on the first night celebrating their victory over the Puritans (Rowlandson 300). Mary convinces herself that the Indians transform the woods into a hellish den in which they display their true evil nature through their revelry (Rowlandson 300). Another reference is made to their being the children of Satan as she describes the food that they eat (Rowlandson 306). To her Puritan mind, it is the Puritans way or you are in lot with the devil. Wh en she falls off the horse with her sick child in her arms and the Indians laugh, she views them as inhumane creatures who find amusement in her misfortune (Rowlandson 301). In her mind she must consistently keep her head about her because she is in the midst of the devils children and if she is weak, then she will fail gods test of her faith (Rowlandson 303).Mary Rowlandsons belief in the tenets helps her to survive the tests of faith that god chooses for her over the eleven weeks. Throughout her diary she makes no positive references to the Indians even when they display acts of kindness, yet is quick to point out the cruelties or injustices they commit upon her or the Puritans. In conclusion, the Puritan tenets although extreme are proven successful to Rowlandson, giving her a foundation upon which to build her hopes of eventual freedom in an otherwise hopeless situation. Her diary expounds these beliefs by constantly referring to them throughout the book. Her diary also reflects the Puritan belief of tolerance, of which there is none, that is prevalent for that time period (Miller 6). Mary Rowlandsons experience at the hand of the Wampanoag Indians serves as a reminder to all Puritans that faith and obedience to god is the recipe for salvation (Miller 6). .u120fe9dab98fca21b795a7dd96cdd72a , .u120fe9dab98fca21b795a7dd96cdd72a .postImageUrl , .u120fe9dab98fca21b795a7dd96cdd72a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u120fe9dab98fca21b795a7dd96cdd72a , .u120fe9dab98fca21b795a7dd96cdd72a:hover , .u120fe9dab98fca21b795a7dd96cdd72a:visited , .u120fe9dab98fca21b795a7dd96cdd72a:active { border:0!important; } .u120fe9dab98fca21b795a7dd96cdd72a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u120fe9dab98fca21b795a7dd96cdd72a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u120fe9dab98fca21b795a7dd96cdd72a:active , .u120fe9dab98fca21b795a7dd96cdd72a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u120fe9dab98fca21b795a7dd96cdd72a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u120fe9dab98fca21b795a7dd96cdd72a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u120fe9dab98fca21b795a7dd96cdd72a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u120fe9dab98fca21b795a7dd96cdd72a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u120fe9dab98fca21b795a7dd96cdd72a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u120fe9dab98fca21b795a7dd96cdd72a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u120fe9dab98fca21b795a7dd96cdd72a .u120fe9dab98fca21b795a7dd96cdd72a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u120fe9dab98fca21b795a7dd96cdd72a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Humanities Through the Arts: Artistic Criticism EssayWorks CitedMiller, James E. Jr.. ?Beginnings to the Civil War?. Heritage of American Literature. Volume I. 1991. 4-7Rowlandson, Mary. ?A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. MaryRowlandson.? Rpt. In The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Vol. IEd. Nina Baym. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1998. 297-329. The Holy Bible, King James Version.

45 Parking Holidays! The Challenges of Cultural Sensitivity in 2016

45 Parking Holidays! The Challenges of Cultural Sensitivity in 2016 In my newsletter last week, I wrote about how the Jewish holidays are treated, and how that affects my sense of belonging as a Jew. I received so many responses that I am writing a full blog on the topic now. Slippery Slope: Parking Holidays and NYC How to handle holidays is a big question for governments and businesses. Between Jewish, Christian, Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist, and other religious holidays, it’s almost impossible to commemorate all of them. In New York City, there are 45 parking meter holidays- for everything from Christmas to Eid al-Adha to the Asian Lunar New Year. That’s an average of almost one each week, plus the standard Sunday suspension of parking rules. Many of you are probably aware that the Jewish New Year, Rosh Hashanah, was last week, and that Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement, will be observed Tuesday night and Wednesday of this week. In Israel on Yom Kippur, there are no radio or TV broadcasts, airports and public transportation systems are shut down, and all shops and businesses are closed. Where I grew up (New York City), everyone, regardless of their own religion, knew when these holidays were coming. Schools were closed and many businesses were closed. No one would even think of scheduling a major business event on one of these High Holy Days. Being Acknowledged Now I live in Wisconsin, where it’s simply not like that. â€Å"Taste of Tenney,† a neighborhood event offering fare from local restaurants, is scheduled for the evening of Yom Kippur. Several times, my coaching group has held their annual party on a High Holy Day. I have declined an invitation for this Wednesday to see a presentation by a top speaker in the entrepreneurial world, hosted by that same group. I keep letting them know when these conflicts arise, and I keep saying, â€Å"This would never happen in New York.† But it happens in Wisconsin. I feel hurt and unseen every time this lack of consciousness reveals itself. Like I am not accepted. Like I do not belong. In contrast, I went to swim at the Highland Park Rec Center in Illinois on Rosh Hashanah this year, where the lifeguard advised me that all swim classes had been cancelled for the holiday! I got a lane to myself, admittedly while many other members of my faith were in synagogue. And, as a nice surprise, I also received a sense of acknowledgment and belonging. Education: Another Slippery Slope After sending out my newsletter, I received many responses. A fellow resume writer sent me an article about how classes at Yale, our common alma mater, go on as usual on the Jewish holidays. I was surprised that I did not remember this tradition from my undergraduate years. I feel angry that there is not more of an observance of these holidays. And yet I also understand. Contemplating the 45 parking holidays in New York, I realize that accommodating all these days on a college schedule would be untenable. Still, there’s a strong voice in me saying that Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur hold enough weight that institutions should respect them. No one would ever think of scheduling classes on Christmas, would they? Give and Take In the workplace, what’s the best way to handle the holidays? Cultural sensitivity is paramount always. In some professions, workers can do a swap to accommodate everyone. For instance, Jewish police officers and nurses often work Christmas, and their Christian colleagues work for them on holidays like Yom Kippur. If you’re delivering couches to your customers, you want to be aware that sometimes a Jewish holiday will not be the appropriate time to do that. Do you send out holiday letters? Are they Christmas-themed? If so, you might be alienating some people. Do you wish people â€Å"Merry Christmas† or â€Å"Happy Holidays† in December? I have become more tolerant in my 40’s than I was as a younger woman. When people wish me Merry Christmas I say thank you and say it back to them. I’m not sure if I like this shift in myself, as it indicates some level of complacency. I still don’t like it when organizations schedule important events on days that make it impossible for practicing Jews to attend, or that flagrantly ignore the existence of sacred days. I want, at least, to be acknowledged. I’m curious to hear your own experience of your holidays. Are you acknowledged by your country’s trends and traditions? Do you acknowledge the traditions of others? What consciousness can you bring to your life and to the people around you this holiday season whenever and wherever that may be? Save Category:Life and LeadershipBy Brenda BernsteinOctober 11, 2016 2 Comments Jan says: October 12, 2016 at 8:16 am Having grown up in suburban Philadelphia (primarily occupied by White Anglo-Saxon Protestants), I always had to take a day off of school for Rosh Hashanah (only the first day) and for Yom Kippur. In college, I actually met a Jewish guy that I fell for and we got married after graduation. He was the first Jew I had ever dated! But then I found a job out in our state capital (part of PAs Bible Belt) and I was astonished at how little my circle knew about any of the Jewish traditions (or what matzoh or Hanukkah is). When I told my new acquaintances about my wedding (at this point, we had divorced) only taking 20 minutes and that I had to schedule is at 9:00 PM (due to being the longest Saturday of the year), they were astounded. Shortly after moving away from my home area, I found out that many of the suburban Philly schools were actually closed for the High Holidays. Certainly not true in this part of the state (100 miles West of my home area). Although there are a few synagogues in this city they dont have really good bagels or kosher thinly-slice corned beef. And trying to find matzoh (some of the grocery stores get a limited number of boxes 2 months before Passover and if you wait until a week before the holiday, youll be out of luck trying to find matzoh or any Passover foods). The schools around here are not closed for our High Holy Days. And events are frequently scheduled on a High Holy Day, without so much as giving it a thought, since its just a regular work day isnt it My Rotary club is selling Christmas wreaths, as a fund raiser. And our supplier only stocks wreaths not green swags (which I would have no objection to buying and hanging). My husband is not Jewish (2nd husband), so it never occurred to him that hanging a wreath on our front door just isnt something Im comfortable with. I have made the suggestion for a couple years, that we look to a new supplier so that we can have a variety of greens to sell during the holiday season. People are more comfortable hanging out with other people who are like them. But, very often, in sticking with people who are like me, I miss out on so many cultural traditions (language, food, religious observations, traditional activities). But were not just talking about religious differences what about people whose skin is a different color than mine? Or their sexual orientation? Or their gender? Or their political views? Or their physical/mental abilities? Our nation is so very diverse but are we inclusive as well? So many of us who are different from the majority do feel left out. How many women achieve C-Level management positions? How many women achieve that career status at the same pay level as men? Many of us are trying, but our society needs a lot of education about including people who are different and who are so valuable. Today is Yom Kippur. May we all be inscribed in the Book of Life for the new year!! Log in to Reply Brenda Bernstein says: October 12, 2016 at 8:46 am Thank you for this amazing addition and contribution Jan indeed my we all be inscribed in the Book of Life with all our beautiful diversity! What a good thing to remember as the elections approach :-). Log in to Reply

Crucible Evaluation essays

Crucible Evaluation essays When Arthur Miller sat down to write the Crucible, it is obvious he took many things into account. The presentation of the book is very well thought out. As for the history aspect of the book, it is obvious that he did a lot of research even though there are still some discrepancies. Lastly, he did an eloquent job of getting his point across while still portraying the factual information of the witch trials. The presentation of the book is very well thought out. The recommended age for the play would probably be high school and beyond. The age is so high because of the psychological detriment and deeper meaning of the text. Christopher Bigsby calls the play, An intense psychological drama and a play of epic proportions, in his introduction to the play that was published in the 1995 edition. It would be advisable that the book be saved for those who arent weak at heart. The fact that the topic is presented in a play form makes the book run smoothly, and lets the reader see things from an objective view. There is always something happening, and you are there for the most important parts. The play form definitely adds a certain flare that a novel would have lacked. There seems to be no information left out of the play. There are no gaps, so the reader isnt left wondering. The historical time period researched a great deal by the author. The thought of the time period, such as the predominant fear of the devil are portrayed accurately. Some of the new perspectives given in the play are that the church and court can be wrong. In a day and age where you put a great deal of your life into the church, that in itself was very innovative. There were, however, some minor mistakes in the historical accuracy of the play. Some of the more noticeable ones are that the people involved in the accusing of witches were more than just a handful of girls, there were many more judges than ...

Consumerism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Consumerism - Essay Example The continuously expanding capitalism commercial culture spoils everything, marginalizing religious life, civic life and family life, and turning citizens to mere consumers whose personal market choice avails to them what they want but fails to avail of them what they want to vent. This paper aims at discussing and analyzing the argument contained in Consumed: How Markets Corrupt Children, Infantilize Adults, and Swallow Citizens Whole by Benjamin R. Barber. The author of this book is a well known political theorist who has over the years been writing many materials about how the civil society is deteriorating. He also gives recommendations on how the initial state of the civil society can be reclaimed. He believes that there was a time in history when capitalism had virtues that had positive contributions to citizenship, responsibility, and democracy. Currently capitalism is tainted with the vices that encourage consumerism, while on the other hand undermining citizenship, responsib ility, and democracy. He states that in the current world capitalism and democracy do not come together. Previously, capitalism worked under the protestant work ethic. Under this ethic, capitalism was dependable, restrained, responsible, hardworking, and forward thinking. This enabled distribution of resources and meeting of human needs. During later days, capitalism had all human needs met thus capitalism ended up consuming itself (Barber 67). Because capitalism had to keep growing, consumer market had to keep selling. Despite the fact that many citizens did not have their basic needs met, capitalism still chose to ignore them. Instead, they made consumers want the products that were already over supplied. There are two possible results of this. First consumers of the oversupplied products are targeted. Second non-consumers of the available products are manipulated into wanting the oversupplied products. For instance, game producers target children while at the same time preventing adults from growing up, so that they would continue consuming their products. This can be done by making adults believe that games were made for them too. This way, adults are manipulated into wanting to use these products. Barber’s argument holds some truth in it. Consumers always get themselves wanting to buy some products. This happens regardless of whether they need it, or if they can afford. When a producer introduces a new product, they make consumers believe that they need it, and that the price is affordable (Barber 112). For example, Apple announces the introduction of a new iPod. Consumers of the same find themselves wanting to purchase this particular product even if they might be having a product that serves the same purpose. Despite the possibility of the iPod not making any difference in the lives of the citizens, they still buy it believing that they need it just as the producers claim. The book also tends to depict the constant creation of supposed human need s that have led to the creation of an infantilists’ ethos that interferes with people’s ability to be good citizens. When people identify themselves as consumers or individuals instead of a constituent of a political organization, people tend to forget that they should be thinking of the collective benefit of the whole community. A common observation in America is that there is pressure mounting on children to mature at a fast rate in order to be consumers. On the other hand, producers are trying hard to

OLD DOMINION TRAIL BIKES CASE STUDY Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

OLD DOMINION TRAIL BIKES - Case Study Example All these information will propel Ted’s business further to the ladder of success. Ted’s business is involved leasing of bikes, ordering of new bikes from the supplier, keeping sales records and many other business activities. Technology for instance computerization of leasing process so that it can be done only can effectively impact positively on the business. The use of e-commerce in has revolutionized businesses around the world. Ted’s business can integrate an online shopping cat on their website so that customers are able to purchase their products irrespective of their geographical location. This will greatly increase the number of sales. Supply chain management (SCM) will enable Old Dominion Trail Bikes to smoothly carryout the entire operations of its interconnected sections of the business. It will enable Ted as the owner of the business plan, implement and carry out effective monitoring and evaluation of the performance of Old Dominion Trail Bikes. If Old Dominion Trail Bikes uses an effective CRM, it will be able to provide maximum support to their client while collecting relevant information about their tastes and preferences. As a result, the business will experience increase in sales. Before the implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning, Ted will have to look at the resource his business has and the quality control of the plan. As such, Ted will have to plan for his business before taking any

Second Language Learning And Age Related Factors English Language Essay

Second Language Learning And Age Related Factors English Language Essay Age is one of the most important affective factors in Second Language Acquisition(SLA). There is some consensus among SLA researchers that age as an affective factor that brings about different performance stages in second language learning. Most experts also agree that individual learners learn differently depending on many variables like learning opportunities, the motivation to learn, individual differences and learning styles in second language acquisition. However, there is little consensus as to how far individuals of the same age group of learners follow a similar and/or linear pattern of language acquisition. The question of how developmental stages interact with individual learning differences is still a question of great debate. It is generally believed that younger learners have certain advantages over older learners in language learning. The common notion is that younger children learn L2 easily and quickly in comparison to older children (Ellis, 2008; Larsen-Freeman, 200 8; Mayberry Lock, 2003). The relationship between age and success in SLA, though complex in nature, is linked to the Critical Period Hypothesis (CPH). CPH, also known as the sensitive period, is defined as the period during which a child can acquire language easily, rapidly, perfectly, and without instruction(Richards Schmidt, 2002, p.145). The CPH suggests that a period of time, between birth and somewhere around the age when a child enters puberty, exists in which the learning a second language can be accomplished more rapidly and easily than times falling outside of this period i.e. post puberty (Larsen-Freeman Long, 2008).SLA theories and research have explained the impact of age in second language acquisition. As reported by Light bown and Spada (2008), learning depends on learners characteristics and the environment. Their findings suggested that older learners have a higher level of problem solving and metalinguistics abilities than younger learners. Researchers discoveries Researchers have focused on learners pronunciation, syntax and grammatical morphemes. Mark Patkowski (1982) examined the level of spoken English of sixty-seven immigrants to the U.S. His finding was that pre-puberty learners acquire second language better than post-puberty learners. He also pointed out that two other factors-length of residence and amount of instruction-are inseparable from the age factor. Johnson and Newport (quoted in Light bown Spada, 2008) found native-like language abilities and the performance levels lower in older children than younger in a study of forty-six Chinese and Koreans speakers. On the other hand, Snow and Hoefnagel-Hohle (1982), from their research carried in Holland, concluded that adults learned faster than children and the rate of second language learning was higher. David Singleton(2003) also declared that the tendency for younger learners to do better in the long run in the matter of second language lexical acquisition is no more than a tendenc y (p. 22). In this paper, an attempt is made to study and analyze the age related research on the basis of critical period hypothesis and other relevant variables. The key question in this paper is how age affects second language acquisition. Do people of the same age group possess the same learning characteristics and learn in the same ratio in SLA? Are there any certain features that the researchers have agreed upon regarding the age factor in SLA and CPH? Critical period The notion of critical period for a second language acquisition has been associated with several hypotheses. Some researchers have focused on the view that the younger learners as the better learners whereas others opine the older learners as the better learners. However, there are different perspectives on how the children and adults learn a foreign or second language. Adults naturally find themselves in such situations that demand more complex language and expression of more complicated ideas whereas children lack pressure and maturity in second language learning. The Experiments David Singleton (1989) offered a number of proposals related to age and second language acquisition. The most popular notions are the younger =the better and the older =the better (Singleton, p. 31). He, on the basis of previous studies and research on age factor, focused on learners pronunciation skill and other linguistics features. There are a number of research to support the younger the better hypothesis. Yamanda et al. (qtd. in Singleton, 1989) studied 30Japanese elementary school pupils of seven to ten ages old. These students did not have any previous experience of English. The researchers used a list of 40 English words and recorded the rate of success of the students. Their finding was that more than average older learners decreased with age i.e. the older the age the lower the score. Furthermore, Mark S. Patkowski (1982) carried out a research on 67 highly educated immigrants to the United States from various backgrounds. In his control subjects, 33 subjects were those who had come to the United States before the age of 15 (pre-puberty group) and 34 subjects who were post-puberty group with similar backgrounds. He examined the spoken English of the subjects, and analyzed a difference between learners who began to learn English before puberty and those who began learning English later after puberty (Patkowski, 1982, p.58). His results showed a strong negative relationship between age of arrival and syntactic rating. He concluded that the pre-puberty group was better in language learning than the post-puberty group. He further addressed: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the only factor which was highly associated with the level of syntactic proficiency attained by learners was the age at which acquisition of English began. Practice and instructional variables showed little or no association with the dependent variables. The result, then, appeared to strongly support the hypothesis of an age-related limitation on the ability to acquire full command of a second language. (Patkowski, 1982, p. 59) He also concluded that the age factor is highly related to other several factors like the numbers of years spent in the United States, amount of information exposure to English and amount of formal instruction in English. One of the supporting evidences in the field of second language acquisition comes from the experience of immigrants. A group of researchers have shown a relationship between age of entry, length of residence and level of language acquisition (Singleton 1989; Ekstrand 1982; Asher Gracia 1989; Lightbown Spada 2008). Asher and Gracia examined acquisition of pronunciation of 71 Cuban immigrants to California. The subjects were of aged groups from seven to 19 years. The majority of them had been in the United States for about five years. They concluded that not one of the 71 Cuban subjects was judged to have American native pronunciation (qtd. in Singleton, 1989, p. 83). They also figured out a fact that the younger a child had been when entering the United States, the higher the probability of a native like accent. The Lenneburgian notion of CPH that puberty as a milestone for SLA has been reversed by the other researchers. Carroll (1963) suggested that the ability to acquire a native like accent declines toward puberty. Ekstrand (1982) carried out a research on age and length of residence of 2400 Swedish pupils. The test consisted of six areas including pronunciation, diction, listening, reading, oral and written production. Ekstrand grouped the total population into 26 categories according to third month of year of birth and observed effects of age and effects of length of residence in the process of second language. He found that language learning ability goes almost linearly with age. He also noticed that social and emotional adjustment did not seem to be related to age. He deduced that age was strongly correlated with grade levels because quality and quantity of instruction was an important factor in second language learning. For Ekstrand, the more developed the brain was, the better it was suited for second language learning. Susan Oyama (1976) studied 60 male Italian immigrants who entered to the United States at ages ranging from six to 20. She examined the degree of American accent and proficiency in English listening. She concluded that age is as an important factor to achieve native like accent. The youngest arrivals performed a better accent. She has shown the relation of age and listening comprehension as follows: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦those subjects who began learning English before age 11 showed comprehension score similar to those of native speakers, whereas later arrivals did less well; those who arrived after the age of 16 showed markedly lower comprehension scores than the native. (Oyama, 1982, p. 23) A further immigrant study appeared in support of the younger the better hypothesis. Johnson and Newport (qtd. in Lightbown Spada, 2008) selected 46 Chinese and Korean experimental subjects in their research. They tested some rules of English morphology and syntax among the participants of aged groups from three to 15 and with those aged groups from 17 to39. The result was that those who began learning later did not have native like language abilities and their performance on the test varied more widely. Robert Dekeyser (2000) conducted a replication of the Johnson and Newport with a group of Hungarian immigrants to the United States. On the contrary, he concluded that adult learners were better than the younger ones. The second strong hypothesis is that older learners are more successful that than younger language learners in SLA. This notion was highly supported by a number of short term experimental researchers. These studies and research were based on teaching projects and second language immersion programs. Some of these studies have highlighted adolescents and adults of different ages where results have indicated that the older learners are far better than the younger ones. In 1967 Ashor and Price (as cited in Singleton, 1989) have carried out an experiment with96 students from the second, fourth and eighth grades of a school and 37 undergraduate students from a college. The subjects did not have any previous knowledge of Russian, the targeted language. After three short trainings conducted in Russian language, the results showed that the eight graders performed significantly better than the second graders and the fourth graders. They also noticed a consistently positive relationship with advancing age because of above average mental ability of the adults. Politzer and Weiss (as quoted in Singleton, 1989) have conducted another study in which they found that an advantage of SLA for older learners than younger ones. Their subjects were second, fifth, seventh and ninth graders. The experimental procedures were consisted of an auditory discrimination test, a pronunciation test and a reading test among 257 pupils. They recorded a gradual improvement of scores with an increase age in all three tests. Similarly, Olson and Samuel in the 1970s (qtd. in Singleton, 1989) have investigated the relative capacity of native English speakers in three different age groups on 20 elementary pupils, 20 junior high school pupils and 20 college students. On the test of pronunciation, it was found that two older groups performed significantly better than the elementary age group. In other studies on age and SLA, many researchers have mentioned a similar finding that adult subjects performed better than the children (Bland Keislar, 1966; Smith Braine, 1973; Burstall her colleagues, 1974; Singleton, 1989). Bland and Keislar took six fifth graders and four kindergartners in their study. They conducted an individualized program of oral French. They mentioned that amongst the fifth graders this time ranged from 4.5 to 11 hours, the mean being 6.9 hours, whereas amongst the kindergarteners the ranges from 12.5 to 17.5 hours and the mean was 15.1 hours (Qtd. in Singleton 1989, p. 98). In other words, the younger learners took more than twice as long as the older learners. A large scale experiment was conducted by Burstall and her colleagues (Qtd. in Singleton 1989) in the 1970s. The study included three age groups of pupils from selected primary schools in England and Wales. Among the 11 year old, 13 year old and 16 year old students, the results indicated that older students dramatically achieved higher score in listening and speaking tests than the younger ones. Other researchers of SLA interested in assessing phonological skills of learners suggest a common belief that younger learners acquire a native like accent in the target language. Dunkel and Pillet (reported in Singleton, 1989) compared the proficiency in French between elementary school pupils and beginning students of French from the university. They found that the younger learners pronunciation was better than that of the older ones. However, in both written and aural tests, the university students had better performance than the younger ones. In another study, Fathman and Precup (reported in Singleton, 1989) tested oral proficiency in English on 20 children and 20 adults in a formal setting in Mexico. Their finding also brought a similar conclusion that the children scored better in English pronunciation than the adults but the adults scored better then the children in syntax. Some studies, on the other hand, have focused on the issues of culture and variations of accent among the speakers of the same language. Lobov (1920) has claimed that people rarely acquire the accent of a particular region if they move into that region after puberty (qtd. in Singleton, 1989, p. 111). While considering younger learners in long run, Stephen Krashen (1979) has forwarded three proposals in the domain of morph syntax. Krashens positions in SLA are as following: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Adults proceed through early stages of syntactic and morphological development faster than children (where time and exposure are held constant). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Older children acquire faster than younger children (again time and exposure are held constant). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Acquirers who begin natural exposure to second languages during childhood generally achieve higher second language proficiency than those beginning as adults. (qtd. In Singleton, 1989, p. 117) Krashen et al. studied syntax and morphology of children in formal and informal learning contexts. They claimed that older learners proceed through the early stages of second language grammatical development more quickly than younger learners. Anan Fathman (1982) observed a difference in the rate of learning English phonology, morphology and syntax based on the differences in age. She focused on the children aged 11 to 15 years who received significantly higher scores in learning the morphology and syntax of a second language than those children of aged six to ten years. One of the most significant studies related to age and SLA comes from the research of Catherine E. Snow and Marian Hoefnagel-Hohle (1982). They investigated 51 English subjects in five age groups whose target language was Dutch. The subjects accomplishments at three points in the Netherlands were compared with the accomplishments of two advanced speakers of Dutch and native speakers. The beginners were tested three times at 4 to 5 month intervals, but the advanced learners were tested only once. The subjects were tested individually at school or at home in various categories-pronunciation, auditory discrimination, morphology, sentence repetition, sentence translation, sentence judgment, Peabody picture vocabulary test, story comprehension and storytelling. The results of their study gave strong evidence against the critical period hypothesis. All the tests showed a rapid learning by the 12 to 15 years old and adults during the first few months of acquisition. T hey mentioned: The adultsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦fell increasingly behind because their subsequent improvement was very slow. The teenagers had achieved almost native performance extremely quickly, within a few months of starting to speak Dutchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.The crucial findings of relevance for evaluating the CPH were that the 3 to 5 years old scored consistently worse than the older groups on all the test and that the 12 to 15 years old showed the most rapid acquisition of all the skills tested. (Snow Hoefnagel-Hohle, 1982, p. 103) The Results Their finding rejected the notion of younger learners as better learners in L2 acquisition. In the second study, Snow and Hoefnagel-Hohle took 81 subjects. Of them, 51 were beginners and31were advanced learners. In the result, it was found that in all cases the adolescent and adult subjects outperformed the younger subjects. The research has shown non-liner relationship between age and second language acquisition. Whether the long term or short term studies are conducted on syntax and morphology or pronunciation of a second language, there are as many conflicting views as the researchers. To address this situation, it is opted to quote Singleton (1989) that beyond the strict terms of Krashen et. al.s hypothesis the evidence concerning short term versus long term language attainment is more confused (p.119) and there is no common argument agreed by all the research. David Birdsong (2006) has studied theoretical issues and empirical findings of age related research of second language acquisition. He had found that brain memory, learning conditions and second language processing speed are connected with age factor. He has pointed out that morphological changes and cognitive process are different in young and adult learners. The next component besides Critical Period Hypothesis of second language acquisition is the variables related to the age factor. These variables can be motivation, anxiety, self confidence, attitude, learning styles and so on. They are responsible in language acquisition in both children and adults. Their direct relationship to age as an indicator of language learning has been studied by various researchers. John Archibald (2005) has said that it is hard to say whether critical period exists or not. He argued that it is much more difficult to predict knowledge or ability in any of the other areas of communicative competence (syntax, cohesion, sociolinguistics, etc.) based on age of acquisition (Archibald, 2005, p. 420). Rather he valued individual differences, the L2 classroom, modified input, modified interaction, and learning environment in second language learning context. Mary Schleppegrell (2008) has focused on health, classroom practices and learning styles as age related factors in second language learning. She says that older adults learn a foreign language for a specific purpose to be more effective professionally, to be able to service in an anticipated foreign situation or for other instrumental reasons (Schleppegrell, 2008, p. 3). On the other hand, younger learners may not have extrinsic motivation or may not see a specific goal in learning another language. It is also noticed that children and adults do not always get the same quality and quantity of language input in both formal and informal learning settings (Lightbown Spada, 2008). It is also hard to say how these variables work as a filter or barrier in learning process of young and adults. As in Colliers study (1987) (qtd. in Singleton, 1989), the barrier of anxiety sometimes makes the adults less successful in second language. Language input is another factor linked to age. Stephen Krashen believes that the learner improves when he or she receives second language input at a level of comprehensible input (i+1). For Krashen the natural comprehension input has become the fundamental principle in SLA. This comprehensible input may change with age where older learners get an advantage over younger ones (Lightbown Spada, 2008). Conclusion Summing up, age is one of the characteristics that determine the way in which an individual learns second language. Age is highly associated with critical period in many research studies. There are a number of controversial issues related to second language acquisition and critical period hypothesis. As Singleton (2005) has predicted, a multiplicity of CPs, like mythical hydra, whose multiplicity of heads and capacity to produce new heads rendered it impossible to deal with (p. 288). He declares the end of critical period. Some researchers limited the CP between per inatality and puberty, while the others extended it after the puberty. In the realm of pedagogy, the researchers have advocated CPH into two main categories-the younger the better and the older the better. A group of researchers including Singleton, Yamanda et al., Carroll and et al, and Patkowski believed that the young learners have higher learning potentiality than the adults whereas Johnson and Newport, Dekeyser, Asher and Price, Politzer and Weiss, Olson and Samuel opined the opposite. The young learners are considered fluent in communication of the second language and achieve native like accent. Learners after the age of puberty do not acquire native like accent of a second language but have complex learning pattern. Research suggests that children and adults L2 learners pass through different developmental states in second language learning. Learning depends on the cognitive maturity and neurological factors. Julia Van Sickle and Sarah Ferris (as quoted in Singleton, 2005) have shown the relation between age and second language acquisition as, One of the dangers of the emphasis on critical periods is that it prompts us to pay too much attention to when learning occurs and too little attention to how learning might best occur (p. 105). Age is not everything in second language learning. However, factors related to the age, for example the learning opportunities, the motivation to learn, individual differences, and learning styles, are also important determining variables that affect the rate of second language learning in various developmental stages of the learners.

New England consisted their government around religion Essay

The New England and the Chesapeake regions were both from English origin. However, they had completely different societies. Each settlement had different intension of why they wanted to settle in the new world. New England and Chesapeake colonies had political, economic and social differences. The New England colonies consisted of puritans who wanted to purify the church because the Church in England was corrupt. They wanted a place where they could worship freely and work together to make a perfect society. New England consisted their government around religion. John Winthrop, A Model of Christian Charity quotes â€Å"God Almighty in his most holy and wise providence hath so disposed of the condition of mankind, in all times some must be rich, some poor,..† (Doc. A) This document shows their importance in god freedom and working together. The Chesapeake colonies wanted to settle in the new world because they wanted to find gold and riches. In Document C it show the comparison in men and women. There were many more men than women because their only goal was to find gold. In Document B, it shows that in the New England colonies many families were wanting to settle in the new world. For the Chesapeake colonies it was very hard for them because when they settled they did not plant any crops because they were to focused on finding gold so by the time winter came around they had no food which was called â€Å"The Starving Time† John smith in, history of Virginia quotes â€Å"Our ordinary was but meal and water so that this†¦ little relieved our wants, whereby with the extremity of the bitter cold frost†¦ more than half of us died.† (Doc F.) In the New England colonies they planted crops and one farm could feed a whole family

BASF

BASF is an expanding and growing chemical company that is based world wide.   With growing recognition for their products, BASF has been expanding and reaching a wider market place then in the past.   The major change for BASF was the take over of American Cyanamid and Takeda companies.   BASF has managed to focus its efforts on non-cyclical products to broaden its market base and increase the company’s growth potential globally.   The diversification and innovative technologies used by BASF has enabled it to sustain a large market presence, particularly in the non-cyclical product areas such as vitamins, crop protection, petrochemicals and plastics and fibers. In the past, vitamin companies were involved in a scandal with price fixing.   The scandal resulted in a loss in the market for all natural vitamins and many pharmaceutical products.   When BASF took over American Cyanamid the companies were able to produce herbicides that were competitive in price and betterment of crops.   Using this new process enabled BASF to get a jump on the vitamin competitors because the company was offering modified crops that were resilient against plant diseases, mildew and other harmful environmental factors. With the higher yielding plants, BASF is able to derive natural and quality ingredients needed to produce the vitamins and other pharmaceutical products.   Global competitors such as Roche have been challenged and no longer can claim the majority of the market with BASF’s innovative technologies as the new competition. In addition to the takeover of Cyanamid, BASF also took over the vitamin business from Takeda.   With the takeover, BASF has managed to capture the markets in Europe, North American and Asia.   Plans are being integrated for BASF to eventually takeover the pharmaceutical division of Takeda.   With the proposed changes, BASF could potentially corner the market on pharmacy drugs to compliment its already strong market presence for the vitamin industry. With growth and innovative technologies, BASF has been able to increase its market value for the vitamins and pharmaceuticals while decreasing the operating costs for the products.   This change in growth instills an even stronger presence in the market place for BASF.   Many of the primary ingredients that go into vitamins and nutritional supplements are produced by BASF thus reducing cost and making the company yield higher volumes of the products. In addition to crop protection, pharmaceutical plans and vitamin mergers, BASF has also focused its attention on the sale of petrochemicals.   BASF merged as a very strong market force for its colorants and finished products used in the automotive industry.   In this division of BASF record sells were achieved and anticipated to only increase in the following months and years.  Ã‚  Ã‚   BASF colors are of lasting quality and used as the primary protective coating for car dealers.   In addition, petrochemicals created by BASF have been used as safe and environmental friendly cleaning agents. Complimenting the development of environmentally friendly and easily disposable petrochemicals, BASF has used its innovative technologies to capture a wide range of the plastics and fibers market.   Many of BASF plastic and fibers are used as household products as well as in major companies.   Many of the plastic and fiber products manufactured by BASF are used for safe and quality packaging materials.   BASF focuses its efforts on producing plastics and fibers that are cost efficient to use for packaging materials as well as biodegradable has given BASF a jump on the market competitors for this part of the global market. As BASF continues to expand its resources into producing innovative and environmental friendly products, BASF is sure to do nothing but grow as a company.   Instead of focusing its investments and technologies strictly in one area, the company’s diversity enables BASF to obtain a substantial amount of profits in its non-cyclical parts of its operations. The company’s growth has been boosted tremendously.   The protection of crops, vitamin and pharmacy mergers, marketing of petrochemicals and increased environmentally friendly plastics and fibers has enabled BASF to not only be a diversified but also a competitive global company within the market place.   

The History of Television Essay - 1441 Words

Many Americans today go home and flip on the television, but many do not take the time to think about the complexity of this great invention that is common to us. Nearly sixty years ago television barely existed and was not thought to be used as a broad communicator like it is used in today’s generation. Through its starting, stopping, then restarting in the 1940’s, television took off and expanded greatly in just a few short decades and had great technological breakthroughs to allow it a widespread range of uses. Though technologies existed in the forties, the great advancement and possibility that television would have, were not yet explored. Just as the radio, television was a process being experimented with, worked, and transformed†¦show more content†¦America as a whole was still on edge of this new breakthrough, much like the decades before when they first experienced the radio. David Sarnoff, under employment at RCA, an invested radio company who took gr eat interest in the television realm, thought to change the perception of how many people viewed television. Instead of making it just for informational guidance, he wanted to make it a part of every day life for Americans. With the help of his company he developed tubes, lenses, cameras, and other new tools in technology that later led to the great development we have today. At the end of the decade RCA had more than 3 experimental versions of television sets with color. By the end of the 40’s the television industry had been well established. In 1947, President Harry Truman delivered his state of the union address and the baseball World Series were both televised. There were three major networks in America that had successful lineups. NBC, CBS, and DuMont were the most successful. Both CBS and NBC networks began a nightly fifteen-minute segment newscast. 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